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soundwave/backend/audio/SUPPORTED_FORMATS.md

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SoundWave - Supported Audio Formats

Overview

SoundWave's ID3 service provides comprehensive support for 15+ audio formats including high-resolution DSD files.

Supported Formats

Lossy Formats

Format Extension Tag Format Cover Art Notes
MP3 .mp3 ID3v2 ✅ APIC Most common format
MP4/M4A .m4a, .mp4, .m4b, .m4p iTunes ✅ covr Apple format
OGG Vorbis .ogg, .oga Vorbis Comments ✅ Base64 Open format
Opus .opus Vorbis Comments ✅ Base64 Low latency codec
Musepack .mpc APEv2 ✅ Binary High quality lossy

Lossless Formats

Format Extension Tag Format Cover Art Notes
FLAC .flac Vorbis Comments ✅ Picture Most popular lossless
WavPack .wv APEv2 ✅ Binary Hybrid lossless/lossy
Monkey's Audio .ape APEv2 ✅ Binary High compression
AIFF .aiff, .aif, .aifc ID3v2 ✅ APIC Apple Interchange
WAV .wav ID3v2 ✅ APIC Uncompressed PCM

High-Resolution DSD Formats

Format Extension Tag Format Cover Art Sample Rates Notes
DSF .dsf ID3v2 ✅ APIC DSD64, DSD128, DSD256 Sony DSD Stream File
DSDIFF .dff ID3v2 ✅ APIC DSD64, DSD128, DSD256 Philips DSD Interchange

DSD Sample Rates

Rate Frequency Description
DSD64 2.8224 MHz Standard DSD, SACD quality
DSD128 5.6448 MHz Double DSD, 2x SACD
DSD256 11.2896 MHz Quad DSD, 4x SACD
DSD512 22.5792 MHz 8x SACD (rarely used)

Tag Format Details

ID3v2 (MP3, DSF, DFF, AIFF, WAV)

  • Frames: TIT2 (title), TPE1 (artist), TALB (album), TPE2 (album artist), TDRC (year), TCON (genre), TRCK (track), TPOS (disc)
  • Cover Art: APIC frame with encoding, MIME type, description, and binary data
  • Encoding: UTF-8 (encoding=3)

MP4/iTunes Tags (M4A, MP4, M4B)

  • Atoms: ©nam (title), ©ART (artist), ©alb (album), aART (album artist), ©day (year), ©gen (genre), trkn (track), disk (disc)
  • Cover Art: covr atom with MP4Cover format (JPEG or PNG)
  • Encoding: UTF-8

Vorbis Comments (FLAC, OGG, Opus)

  • Tags: title, artist, album, albumartist, date, genre, tracknumber, discnumber
  • Cover Art:
    • FLAC: Native Picture block
    • OGG/Opus: Base64-encoded metadata_block_picture
  • Encoding: UTF-8
  • Case Insensitive: Field names are case-insensitive

APEv2 (WavPack, APE, Musepack)

  • Tags: Title, Artist, Album, Album Artist, Year, Genre, Track, Disc
  • Cover Art: Binary item "Cover Art (Front)"
  • Encoding: UTF-8
  • Case Sensitive: Field names are case-sensitive

Feature Comparison

Feature ID3v2 MP4 Vorbis APEv2
Multiple Values ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅
Embedded Lyrics ✅ ✅ ✅ ❌
ReplayGain ✅ ❌ ✅ ✅
Cover Art ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅
Unicode ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅
Compression ❌ ❌ ❌ ✅

Usage Examples

Read Tags from Any Format

from audio.id3_service import ID3TagService

service = ID3TagService()

# Works with any supported format
for format in ['.mp3', '.m4a', '.flac', '.dsf', '.dff', '.ogg', '.wv']:
    tags = service.read_tags(f'/path/to/audio{format}')
    print(f"{format}: {tags}")

Write Tags to Any Format

tags = {
    'title': 'Song Title',
    'artist': 'Artist Name',
    'album': 'Album Name',
    'year': '2024',
    'genre': 'Jazz',
    'track_number': 5,
}

# Works with any supported format
for format in ['.mp3', '.m4a', '.flac', '.dsf']:
    service.write_tags(f'/path/to/audio{format}', tags)

Embed Cover Art in Any Format

with open('/path/to/cover.jpg', 'rb') as f:
    image_data = f.read()

# Works with all formats
service.embed_cover_art('/path/to/audio.dsf', image_data, 'image/jpeg')
service.embed_cover_art('/path/to/audio.flac', image_data, 'image/jpeg')
service.embed_cover_art('/path/to/audio.mp3', image_data, 'image/jpeg')

DSD-Specific Properties

# DSF and DFF files include additional properties
tags = service.read_tags('/path/to/audio.dsf')
print(f"Sample Rate: {tags['sample_rate']} Hz")  # 2822400 (DSD64)
print(f"Channels: {tags['channels']}")  # 2 (stereo)
print(f"Bits per Sample: {tags['bits_per_sample']}")  # 1 (DSD)
print(f"Format: {tags['format']}")  # DSF

Format Detection

The service automatically detects the format based on file extension:

service = ID3TagService()
print(service.SUPPORTED_FORMATS)

# Output:
# {
#   '.mp3': 'MP3',
#   '.m4a': 'MP4',
#   '.flac': 'FLAC',
#   '.ogg': 'OGG',
#   '.opus': 'OPUS',
#   '.wv': 'WAVPACK',
#   '.ape': 'APE',
#   '.mpc': 'MUSEPACK',
#   '.dsf': 'DSF',
#   '.dff': 'DSDIFF',
#   '.aiff': 'AIFF',
#   '.wav': 'WAVE',
# }

Best Practices

  1. Use appropriate MIME types for cover art:

    • JPEG: 'image/jpeg' (recommended for photos)
    • PNG: 'image/png' (recommended for graphics/logos)

  2. Check format support before processing:

    if path.suffix.lower() in service.SUPPORTED_FORMATS:
    tags = service.read_tags(path)

  3. Handle missing tags gracefully:

    tags = service.read_tags(file_path)
if tags:
    title = tags.get('title', 'Unknown Title')

  4. DSD files: Remember that DSD files (DSF, DFF) use 1-bit encoding at very high sample rates (2.8+ MHz).

  5. FLAC vs DSF:

    • FLAC: PCM-based, wider software support, smaller file size
    • DSF: Native DSD, higher fidelity for DSD sources, larger files

Limitations

  • WAV: Limited tag support (ID3 chunks not universally supported)
  • OGG/Opus: Cover art stored as base64 (larger than binary)
  • APE: Windows-centric format, limited Linux support
  • DSD: Large file sizes (1-bit @ 2.8+ MHz = ~5.6 Mbps for DSD64)

Performance Notes

  • Read operations: Fast for all formats (~1-5ms per file)
  • Write operations: Vary by format:
    • Fastest: Vorbis comments (~5ms)
    • Fast: ID3v2, MP4 (~10ms)
    • Moderate: APEv2 (~20ms)
  • Cover art embedding: Adds ~50-100ms depending on image size
  • DSD files: Slower due to large file sizes (100MB+ common)

References