Initial commit: Masina-Dock Vehicle Management System

AppDir/usr/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pandas/tests/scalar/interval/test_arithmetic.py

@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+from datetime import timedelta
+
+import numpy as np
+import pytest
+
+from pandas import (
+    Interval,
+    Timedelta,
+    Timestamp,
+)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("method", ["__add__", "__sub__"])
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "interval",
+    [
+        Interval(Timestamp("2017-01-01 00:00:00"), Timestamp("2018-01-01 00:00:00")),
+        Interval(Timedelta(days=7), Timedelta(days=14)),
+    ],
+)
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "delta", [Timedelta(days=7), timedelta(7), np.timedelta64(7, "D")]
+)
+def test_time_interval_add_subtract_timedelta(interval, delta, method):
+    # https://github.com/pandas-dev/pandas/issues/32023
+    result = getattr(interval, method)(delta)
+    left = getattr(interval.left, method)(delta)
+    right = getattr(interval.right, method)(delta)
+    expected = Interval(left, right)
+
+    assert result == expected
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("interval", [Interval(1, 2), Interval(1.0, 2.0)])
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "delta", [Timedelta(days=7), timedelta(7), np.timedelta64(7, "D")]
+)
+def test_numeric_interval_add_timedelta_raises(interval, delta):
+    # https://github.com/pandas-dev/pandas/issues/32023
+    msg = "|".join(
+        [
+            "unsupported operand",
+            "cannot use operands",
+            "Only numeric, Timestamp and Timedelta endpoints are allowed",
+        ]
+    )
+    with pytest.raises((TypeError, ValueError), match=msg):
+        interval + delta
+
+    with pytest.raises((TypeError, ValueError), match=msg):
+        delta + interval
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("klass", [timedelta, np.timedelta64, Timedelta])
+def test_timedelta_add_timestamp_interval(klass):
+    delta = klass(0)
+    expected = Interval(Timestamp("2020-01-01"), Timestamp("2020-02-01"))
+
+    result = delta + expected
+    assert result == expected
+
+    result = expected + delta
+    assert result == expected

AppDir/usr/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pandas/tests/scalar/interval/test_interval.py

@@ -0,0 +1,279 @@
+import numpy as np
+import pytest
+
+from pandas import (
+    Interval,
+    Period,
+    Timedelta,
+    Timestamp,
+)
+import pandas._testing as tm
+import pandas.core.common as com
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def interval():
+    return Interval(0, 1)
+
+
+class TestInterval:
+    def test_properties(self, interval):
+        assert interval.closed == "right"
+        assert interval.left == 0
+        assert interval.right == 1
+        assert interval.mid == 0.5
+
+    def test_repr(self, interval):
+        assert repr(interval) == "Interval(0, 1, closed='right')"
+        assert str(interval) == "(0, 1]"
+
+        interval_left = Interval(0, 1, closed="left")
+        assert repr(interval_left) == "Interval(0, 1, closed='left')"
+        assert str(interval_left) == "[0, 1)"
+
+    def test_contains(self, interval):
+        assert 0.5 in interval
+        assert 1 in interval
+        assert 0 not in interval
+
+        interval_both = Interval(0, 1, "both")
+        assert 0 in interval_both
+        assert 1 in interval_both
+
+        interval_neither = Interval(0, 1, closed="neither")
+        assert 0 not in interval_neither
+        assert 0.5 in interval_neither
+        assert 1 not in interval_neither
+
+    def test_equal(self):
+        assert Interval(0, 1) == Interval(0, 1, closed="right")
+        assert Interval(0, 1) != Interval(0, 1, closed="left")
+        assert Interval(0, 1) != 0
+
+    def test_comparison(self):
+        msg = (
+            "'<' not supported between instances of "
+            "'pandas._libs.interval.Interval' and 'int'"
+        )
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+            Interval(0, 1) < 2
+
+        assert Interval(0, 1) < Interval(1, 2)
+        assert Interval(0, 1) < Interval(0, 2)
+        assert Interval(0, 1) < Interval(0.5, 1.5)
+        assert Interval(0, 1) <= Interval(0, 1)
+        assert Interval(0, 1) > Interval(-1, 2)
+        assert Interval(0, 1) >= Interval(0, 1)
+
+    def test_hash(self, interval):
+        # should not raise
+        hash(interval)
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "left, right, expected",
+        [
+            (0, 5, 5),
+            (-2, 5.5, 7.5),
+            (10, 10, 0),
+            (10, np.inf, np.inf),
+            (-np.inf, -5, np.inf),
+            (-np.inf, np.inf, np.inf),
+            (Timedelta("0 days"), Timedelta("5 days"), Timedelta("5 days")),
+            (Timedelta("10 days"), Timedelta("10 days"), Timedelta("0 days")),
+            (Timedelta("1H10min"), Timedelta("5H5min"), Timedelta("3H55min")),
+            (Timedelta("5S"), Timedelta("1H"), Timedelta("59min55S")),
+        ],
+    )
+    def test_length(self, left, right, expected):
+        # GH 18789
+        iv = Interval(left, right)
+        result = iv.length
+        assert result == expected
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "left, right, expected",
+        [
+            ("2017-01-01", "2017-01-06", "5 days"),
+            ("2017-01-01", "2017-01-01 12:00:00", "12 hours"),
+            ("2017-01-01 12:00", "2017-01-01 12:00:00", "0 days"),
+            ("2017-01-01 12:01", "2017-01-05 17:31:00", "4 days 5 hours 30 min"),
+        ],
+    )
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("tz", (None, "UTC", "CET", "US/Eastern"))
+    def test_length_timestamp(self, tz, left, right, expected):
+        # GH 18789
+        iv = Interval(Timestamp(left, tz=tz), Timestamp(right, tz=tz))
+        result = iv.length
+        expected = Timedelta(expected)
+        assert result == expected
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "left, right",
+        [
+            (0, 1),
+            (Timedelta("0 days"), Timedelta("1 day")),
+            (Timestamp("2018-01-01"), Timestamp("2018-01-02")),
+            (
+                Timestamp("2018-01-01", tz="US/Eastern"),
+                Timestamp("2018-01-02", tz="US/Eastern"),
+            ),
+        ],
+    )
+    def test_is_empty(self, left, right, closed):
+        # GH27219
+        # non-empty always return False
+        iv = Interval(left, right, closed)
+        assert iv.is_empty is False
+
+        # same endpoint is empty except when closed='both' (contains one point)
+        iv = Interval(left, left, closed)
+        result = iv.is_empty
+        expected = closed != "both"
+        assert result is expected
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "left, right",
+        [
+            ("a", "z"),
+            (("a", "b"), ("c", "d")),
+            (list("AB"), list("ab")),
+            (Interval(0, 1), Interval(1, 2)),
+            (Period("2018Q1", freq="Q"), Period("2018Q1", freq="Q")),
+        ],
+    )
+    def test_construct_errors(self, left, right):
+        # GH 23013
+        msg = "Only numeric, Timestamp and Timedelta endpoints are allowed"
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+            Interval(left, right)
+
+    def test_math_add(self, closed):
+        interval = Interval(0, 1, closed=closed)
+        expected = Interval(1, 2, closed=closed)
+
+        result = interval + 1
+        assert result == expected
+
+        result = 1 + interval
+        assert result == expected
+
+        result = interval
+        result += 1
+        assert result == expected
+
+        msg = r"unsupported operand type\(s\) for \+"
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+            interval + interval
+
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+            interval + "foo"
+
+    def test_math_sub(self, closed):
+        interval = Interval(0, 1, closed=closed)
+        expected = Interval(-1, 0, closed=closed)
+
+        result = interval - 1
+        assert result == expected
+
+        result = interval
+        result -= 1
+        assert result == expected
+
+        msg = r"unsupported operand type\(s\) for -"
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+            interval - interval
+
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+            interval - "foo"
+
+    def test_math_mult(self, closed):
+        interval = Interval(0, 1, closed=closed)
+        expected = Interval(0, 2, closed=closed)
+
+        result = interval * 2
+        assert result == expected
+
+        result = 2 * interval
+        assert result == expected
+
+        result = interval
+        result *= 2
+        assert result == expected
+
+        msg = r"unsupported operand type\(s\) for \*"
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+            interval * interval
+
+        msg = r"can\'t multiply sequence by non-int"
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+            interval * "foo"
+
+    def test_math_div(self, closed):
+        interval = Interval(0, 1, closed=closed)
+        expected = Interval(0, 0.5, closed=closed)
+
+        result = interval / 2.0
+        assert result == expected
+
+        result = interval
+        result /= 2.0
+        assert result == expected
+
+        msg = r"unsupported operand type\(s\) for /"
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+            interval / interval
+
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+            interval / "foo"
+
+    def test_math_floordiv(self, closed):
+        interval = Interval(1, 2, closed=closed)
+        expected = Interval(0, 1, closed=closed)
+
+        result = interval // 2
+        assert result == expected
+
+        result = interval
+        result //= 2
+        assert result == expected
+
+        msg = r"unsupported operand type\(s\) for //"
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+            interval // interval
+
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+            interval // "foo"
+
+    def test_constructor_errors(self):
+        msg = "invalid option for 'closed': foo"
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+            Interval(0, 1, closed="foo")
+
+        msg = "left side of interval must be <= right side"
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+            Interval(1, 0)
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "tz_left, tz_right", [(None, "UTC"), ("UTC", None), ("UTC", "US/Eastern")]
+    )
+    def test_constructor_errors_tz(self, tz_left, tz_right):
+        # GH 18538
+        left = Timestamp("2017-01-01", tz=tz_left)
+        right = Timestamp("2017-01-02", tz=tz_right)
+
+        if com.any_none(tz_left, tz_right):
+            error = TypeError
+            msg = "Cannot compare tz-naive and tz-aware timestamps"
+        else:
+            error = ValueError
+            msg = "left and right must have the same time zone"
+        with pytest.raises(error, match=msg):
+            Interval(left, right)
+
+    def test_equality_comparison_broadcasts_over_array(self):
+        # https://github.com/pandas-dev/pandas/issues/35931
+        interval = Interval(0, 1)
+        arr = np.array([interval, interval])
+        result = interval == arr
+        expected = np.array([True, True])
+        tm.assert_numpy_array_equal(result, expected)

AppDir/usr/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pandas/tests/scalar/interval/test_ops.py

@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+"""Tests for Interval-Interval operations, such as overlaps, contains, etc."""
+import pytest
+
+from pandas import (
+    Interval,
+    Timedelta,
+    Timestamp,
+)
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(
+    params=[
+        (Timedelta("0 days"), Timedelta("1 day")),
+        (Timestamp("2018-01-01"), Timedelta("1 day")),
+        (0, 1),
+    ],
+    ids=lambda x: type(x[0]).__name__,
+)
+def start_shift(request):
+    """
+    Fixture for generating intervals of types from a start value and a shift
+    value that can be added to start to generate an endpoint
+    """
+    return request.param
+
+
+class TestOverlaps:
+    def test_overlaps_self(self, start_shift, closed):
+        start, shift = start_shift
+        interval = Interval(start, start + shift, closed)
+        assert interval.overlaps(interval)
+
+    def test_overlaps_nested(self, start_shift, closed, other_closed):
+        start, shift = start_shift
+        interval1 = Interval(start, start + 3 * shift, other_closed)
+        interval2 = Interval(start + shift, start + 2 * shift, closed)
+
+        # nested intervals should always overlap
+        assert interval1.overlaps(interval2)
+
+    def test_overlaps_disjoint(self, start_shift, closed, other_closed):
+        start, shift = start_shift
+        interval1 = Interval(start, start + shift, other_closed)
+        interval2 = Interval(start + 2 * shift, start + 3 * shift, closed)
+
+        # disjoint intervals should never overlap
+        assert not interval1.overlaps(interval2)
+
+    def test_overlaps_endpoint(self, start_shift, closed, other_closed):
+        start, shift = start_shift
+        interval1 = Interval(start, start + shift, other_closed)
+        interval2 = Interval(start + shift, start + 2 * shift, closed)
+
+        # overlap if shared endpoint is closed for both (overlap at a point)
+        result = interval1.overlaps(interval2)
+        expected = interval1.closed_right and interval2.closed_left
+        assert result == expected
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "other",
+        [10, True, "foo", Timedelta("1 day"), Timestamp("2018-01-01")],
+        ids=lambda x: type(x).__name__,
+    )
+    def test_overlaps_invalid_type(self, other):
+        interval = Interval(0, 1)
+        msg = f"`other` must be an Interval, got {type(other).__name__}"
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+            interval.overlaps(other)
+
+
+class TestContains:
+    def test_contains_interval(self, inclusive_endpoints_fixture):
+        interval1 = Interval(0, 1, "both")
+        interval2 = Interval(0, 1, inclusive_endpoints_fixture)
+        assert interval1 in interval1
+        assert interval2 in interval2
+        assert interval2 in interval1
+        assert interval1 not in interval2 or inclusive_endpoints_fixture == "both"
+
+    def test_contains_infinite_length(self):
+        interval1 = Interval(0, 1, "both")
+        interval2 = Interval(float("-inf"), float("inf"), "neither")
+        assert interval1 in interval2
+        assert interval2 not in interval1
+
+    def test_contains_zero_length(self):
+        interval1 = Interval(0, 1, "both")
+        interval2 = Interval(-1, -1, "both")
+        interval3 = Interval(0.5, 0.5, "both")
+        assert interval2 not in interval1
+        assert interval3 in interval1
+        assert interval2 not in interval3 and interval3 not in interval2
+        assert interval1 not in interval2 and interval1 not in interval3
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "type1",
+        [
+            (0, 1),
+            (Timestamp(2000, 1, 1, 0), Timestamp(2000, 1, 1, 1)),
+            (Timedelta("0h"), Timedelta("1h")),
+        ],
+    )
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "type2",
+        [
+            (0, 1),
+            (Timestamp(2000, 1, 1, 0), Timestamp(2000, 1, 1, 1)),
+            (Timedelta("0h"), Timedelta("1h")),
+        ],
+    )
+    def test_contains_mixed_types(self, type1, type2):
+        interval1 = Interval(*type1)
+        interval2 = Interval(*type2)
+        if type1 == type2:
+            assert interval1 in interval2
+        else:
+            msg = "^'<=' not supported between instances of"
+            with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+                interval1 in interval2

AppDir/usr/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pandas/tests/scalar/period/test_asfreq.py

@@ -0,0 +1,825 @@
+import pytest
+
+from pandas._libs.tslibs.dtypes import _period_code_map
+from pandas._libs.tslibs.period import INVALID_FREQ_ERR_MSG
+from pandas.errors import OutOfBoundsDatetime
+
+from pandas import (
+    Period,
+    Timestamp,
+    offsets,
+)
+import pandas._testing as tm
+
+bday_msg = "Period with BDay freq is deprecated"
+
+
+class TestFreqConversion:
+    """Test frequency conversion of date objects"""
+
+    @pytest.mark.filterwarnings("ignore:Period with BDay:FutureWarning")
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("freq", ["A", "Q", "M", "W", "B", "D"])
+    def test_asfreq_near_zero(self, freq):
+        # GH#19643, GH#19650
+        per = Period("0001-01-01", freq=freq)
+        tup1 = (per.year, per.hour, per.day)
+
+        prev = per - 1
+        assert prev.ordinal == per.ordinal - 1
+        tup2 = (prev.year, prev.month, prev.day)
+        assert tup2 < tup1
+
+    def test_asfreq_near_zero_weekly(self):
+        # GH#19834
+        per1 = Period("0001-01-01", "D") + 6
+        per2 = Period("0001-01-01", "D") - 6
+        week1 = per1.asfreq("W")
+        week2 = per2.asfreq("W")
+        assert week1 != week2
+        assert week1.asfreq("D", "E") >= per1
+        assert week2.asfreq("D", "S") <= per2
+
+    def test_to_timestamp_out_of_bounds(self):
+        # GH#19643, used to incorrectly give Timestamp in 1754
+        with tm.assert_produces_warning(FutureWarning, match=bday_msg):
+            per = Period("0001-01-01", freq="B")
+        msg = "Out of bounds nanosecond timestamp"
+        with pytest.raises(OutOfBoundsDatetime, match=msg):
+            with tm.assert_produces_warning(FutureWarning, match=bday_msg):
+                per.to_timestamp()
+
+    def test_asfreq_corner(self):
+        val = Period(freq="A", year=2007)
+        result1 = val.asfreq("5t")
+        result2 = val.asfreq("t")
+        expected = Period("2007-12-31 23:59", freq="t")
+        assert result1.ordinal == expected.ordinal
+        assert result1.freqstr == "5T"
+        assert result2.ordinal == expected.ordinal
+        assert result2.freqstr == "T"
+
+    def test_conv_annual(self):
+        # frequency conversion tests: from Annual Frequency
+
+        ival_A = Period(freq="A", year=2007)
+
+        ival_AJAN = Period(freq="A-JAN", year=2007)
+        ival_AJUN = Period(freq="A-JUN", year=2007)
+        ival_ANOV = Period(freq="A-NOV", year=2007)
+
+        ival_A_to_Q_start = Period(freq="Q", year=2007, quarter=1)
+        ival_A_to_Q_end = Period(freq="Q", year=2007, quarter=4)
+        ival_A_to_M_start = Period(freq="M", year=2007, month=1)
+        ival_A_to_M_end = Period(freq="M", year=2007, month=12)
+        ival_A_to_W_start = Period(freq="W", year=2007, month=1, day=1)
+        ival_A_to_W_end = Period(freq="W", year=2007, month=12, day=31)
+        with tm.assert_produces_warning(FutureWarning, match=bday_msg):
+            ival_A_to_B_start = Period(freq="B", year=2007, month=1, day=1)
+            ival_A_to_B_end = Period(freq="B", year=2007, month=12, day=31)
+        ival_A_to_D_start = Period(freq="D", year=2007, month=1, day=1)
+        ival_A_to_D_end = Period(freq="D", year=2007, month=12, day=31)
+        ival_A_to_H_start = Period(freq="H", year=2007, month=1, day=1, hour=0)
+        ival_A_to_H_end = Period(freq="H", year=2007, month=12, day=31, hour=23)
+        ival_A_to_T_start = Period(
+            freq="Min", year=2007, month=1, day=1, hour=0, minute=0
+        )
+        ival_A_to_T_end = Period(
+            freq="Min", year=2007, month=12, day=31, hour=23, minute=59
+        )
+        ival_A_to_S_start = Period(
+            freq="S", year=2007, month=1, day=1, hour=0, minute=0, second=0
+        )
+        ival_A_to_S_end = Period(
+            freq="S", year=2007, month=12, day=31, hour=23, minute=59, second=59
+        )
+
+        ival_AJAN_to_D_end = Period(freq="D", year=2007, month=1, day=31)
+        ival_AJAN_to_D_start = Period(freq="D", year=2006, month=2, day=1)
+        ival_AJUN_to_D_end = Period(freq="D", year=2007, month=6, day=30)
+        ival_AJUN_to_D_start = Period(freq="D", year=2006, month=7, day=1)
+        ival_ANOV_to_D_end = Period(freq="D", year=2007, month=11, day=30)
+        ival_ANOV_to_D_start = Period(freq="D", year=2006, month=12, day=1)
+
+        assert ival_A.asfreq("Q", "S") == ival_A_to_Q_start
+        assert ival_A.asfreq("Q", "e") == ival_A_to_Q_end
+        assert ival_A.asfreq("M", "s") == ival_A_to_M_start
+        assert ival_A.asfreq("M", "E") == ival_A_to_M_end
+        assert ival_A.asfreq("W", "S") == ival_A_to_W_start
+        assert ival_A.asfreq("W", "E") == ival_A_to_W_end
+        with tm.assert_produces_warning(FutureWarning, match=bday_msg):
+            assert ival_A.asfreq("B", "S") == ival_A_to_B_start
+            assert ival_A.asfreq("B", "E") == ival_A_to_B_end
+        assert ival_A.asfreq("D", "S") == ival_A_to_D_start
+        assert ival_A.asfreq("D", "E") == ival_A_to_D_end
+        assert ival_A.asfreq("H", "S") == ival_A_to_H_start
+        assert ival_A.asfreq("H", "E") == ival_A_to_H_end
+        assert ival_A.asfreq("min", "S") == ival_A_to_T_start
+        assert ival_A.asfreq("min", "E") == ival_A_to_T_end
+        assert ival_A.asfreq("T", "S") == ival_A_to_T_start
+        assert ival_A.asfreq("T", "E") == ival_A_to_T_end
+        assert ival_A.asfreq("S", "S") == ival_A_to_S_start
+        assert ival_A.asfreq("S", "E") == ival_A_to_S_end
+
+        assert ival_AJAN.asfreq("D", "S") == ival_AJAN_to_D_start
+        assert ival_AJAN.asfreq("D", "E") == ival_AJAN_to_D_end
+
+        assert ival_AJUN.asfreq("D", "S") == ival_AJUN_to_D_start
+        assert ival_AJUN.asfreq("D", "E") == ival_AJUN_to_D_end
+
+        assert ival_ANOV.asfreq("D", "S") == ival_ANOV_to_D_start
+        assert ival_ANOV.asfreq("D", "E") == ival_ANOV_to_D_end
+
+        assert ival_A.asfreq("A") == ival_A
+
+    def test_conv_quarterly(self):
+        # frequency conversion tests: from Quarterly Frequency
+
+        ival_Q = Period(freq="Q", year=2007, quarter=1)
+        ival_Q_end_of_year = Period(freq="Q", year=2007, quarter=4)
+
+        ival_QEJAN = Period(freq="Q-JAN", year=2007, quarter=1)
+        ival_QEJUN = Period(freq="Q-JUN", year=2007, quarter=1)
+
+        ival_Q_to_A = Period(freq="A", year=2007)
+        ival_Q_to_M_start = Period(freq="M", year=2007, month=1)
+        ival_Q_to_M_end = Period(freq="M", year=2007, month=3)
+        ival_Q_to_W_start = Period(freq="W", year=2007, month=1, day=1)
+        ival_Q_to_W_end = Period(freq="W", year=2007, month=3, day=31)
+        with tm.assert_produces_warning(FutureWarning, match=bday_msg):
+            ival_Q_to_B_start = Period(freq="B", year=2007, month=1, day=1)
+            ival_Q_to_B_end = Period(freq="B", year=2007, month=3, day=30)
+        ival_Q_to_D_start = Period(freq="D", year=2007, month=1, day=1)
+        ival_Q_to_D_end = Period(freq="D", year=2007, month=3, day=31)
+        ival_Q_to_H_start = Period(freq="H", year=2007, month=1, day=1, hour=0)
+        ival_Q_to_H_end = Period(freq="H", year=2007, month=3, day=31, hour=23)
+        ival_Q_to_T_start = Period(
+            freq="Min", year=2007, month=1, day=1, hour=0, minute=0
+        )
+        ival_Q_to_T_end = Period(
+            freq="Min", year=2007, month=3, day=31, hour=23, minute=59
+        )
+        ival_Q_to_S_start = Period(
+            freq="S", year=2007, month=1, day=1, hour=0, minute=0, second=0
+        )
+        ival_Q_to_S_end = Period(
+            freq="S", year=2007, month=3, day=31, hour=23, minute=59, second=59
+        )
+
+        ival_QEJAN_to_D_start = Period(freq="D", year=2006, month=2, day=1)
+        ival_QEJAN_to_D_end = Period(freq="D", year=2006, month=4, day=30)
+
+        ival_QEJUN_to_D_start = Period(freq="D", year=2006, month=7, day=1)
+        ival_QEJUN_to_D_end = Period(freq="D", year=2006, month=9, day=30)
+
+        assert ival_Q.asfreq("A") == ival_Q_to_A
+        assert ival_Q_end_of_year.asfreq("A") == ival_Q_to_A
+
+        assert ival_Q.asfreq("M", "S") == ival_Q_to_M_start
+        assert ival_Q.asfreq("M", "E") == ival_Q_to_M_end
+        assert ival_Q.asfreq("W", "S") == ival_Q_to_W_start
+        assert ival_Q.asfreq("W", "E") == ival_Q_to_W_end
+        with tm.assert_produces_warning(FutureWarning, match=bday_msg):
+            assert ival_Q.asfreq("B", "S") == ival_Q_to_B_start
+            assert ival_Q.asfreq("B", "E") == ival_Q_to_B_end
+        assert ival_Q.asfreq("D", "S") == ival_Q_to_D_start
+        assert ival_Q.asfreq("D", "E") == ival_Q_to_D_end
+        assert ival_Q.asfreq("H", "S") == ival_Q_to_H_start
+        assert ival_Q.asfreq("H", "E") == ival_Q_to_H_end
+        assert ival_Q.asfreq("Min", "S") == ival_Q_to_T_start
+        assert ival_Q.asfreq("Min", "E") == ival_Q_to_T_end
+        assert ival_Q.asfreq("S", "S") == ival_Q_to_S_start
+        assert ival_Q.asfreq("S", "E") == ival_Q_to_S_end
+
+        assert ival_QEJAN.asfreq("D", "S") == ival_QEJAN_to_D_start
+        assert ival_QEJAN.asfreq("D", "E") == ival_QEJAN_to_D_end
+        assert ival_QEJUN.asfreq("D", "S") == ival_QEJUN_to_D_start
+        assert ival_QEJUN.asfreq("D", "E") == ival_QEJUN_to_D_end
+
+        assert ival_Q.asfreq("Q") == ival_Q
+
+    def test_conv_monthly(self):
+        # frequency conversion tests: from Monthly Frequency
+
+        ival_M = Period(freq="M", year=2007, month=1)
+        ival_M_end_of_year = Period(freq="M", year=2007, month=12)
+        ival_M_end_of_quarter = Period(freq="M", year=2007, month=3)
+        ival_M_to_A = Period(freq="A", year=2007)
+        ival_M_to_Q = Period(freq="Q", year=2007, quarter=1)
+        ival_M_to_W_start = Period(freq="W", year=2007, month=1, day=1)
+        ival_M_to_W_end = Period(freq="W", year=2007, month=1, day=31)
+        with tm.assert_produces_warning(FutureWarning, match=bday_msg):
+            ival_M_to_B_start = Period(freq="B", year=2007, month=1, day=1)
+            ival_M_to_B_end = Period(freq="B", year=2007, month=1, day=31)
+        ival_M_to_D_start = Period(freq="D", year=2007, month=1, day=1)
+        ival_M_to_D_end = Period(freq="D", year=2007, month=1, day=31)
+        ival_M_to_H_start = Period(freq="H", year=2007, month=1, day=1, hour=0)
+        ival_M_to_H_end = Period(freq="H", year=2007, month=1, day=31, hour=23)
+        ival_M_to_T_start = Period(
+            freq="Min", year=2007, month=1, day=1, hour=0, minute=0
+        )
+        ival_M_to_T_end = Period(
+            freq="Min", year=2007, month=1, day=31, hour=23, minute=59
+        )
+        ival_M_to_S_start = Period(
+            freq="S", year=2007, month=1, day=1, hour=0, minute=0, second=0
+        )
+        ival_M_to_S_end = Period(
+            freq="S", year=2007, month=1, day=31, hour=23, minute=59, second=59
+        )
+
+        assert ival_M.asfreq("A") == ival_M_to_A
+        assert ival_M_end_of_year.asfreq("A") == ival_M_to_A
+        assert ival_M.asfreq("Q") == ival_M_to_Q
+        assert ival_M_end_of_quarter.asfreq("Q") == ival_M_to_Q
+
+        assert ival_M.asfreq("W", "S") == ival_M_to_W_start
+        assert ival_M.asfreq("W", "E") == ival_M_to_W_end
+        with tm.assert_produces_warning(FutureWarning, match=bday_msg):
+            assert ival_M.asfreq("B", "S") == ival_M_to_B_start
+            assert ival_M.asfreq("B", "E") == ival_M_to_B_end
+        assert ival_M.asfreq("D", "S") == ival_M_to_D_start
+        assert ival_M.asfreq("D", "E") == ival_M_to_D_end
+        assert ival_M.asfreq("H", "S") == ival_M_to_H_start
+        assert ival_M.asfreq("H", "E") == ival_M_to_H_end
+        assert ival_M.asfreq("Min", "S") == ival_M_to_T_start
+        assert ival_M.asfreq("Min", "E") == ival_M_to_T_end
+        assert ival_M.asfreq("S", "S") == ival_M_to_S_start
+        assert ival_M.asfreq("S", "E") == ival_M_to_S_end
+
+        assert ival_M.asfreq("M") == ival_M
+
+    def test_conv_weekly(self):
+        # frequency conversion tests: from Weekly Frequency
+        ival_W = Period(freq="W", year=2007, month=1, day=1)
+
+        ival_WSUN = Period(freq="W", year=2007, month=1, day=7)
+        ival_WSAT = Period(freq="W-SAT", year=2007, month=1, day=6)
+        ival_WFRI = Period(freq="W-FRI", year=2007, month=1, day=5)
+        ival_WTHU = Period(freq="W-THU", year=2007, month=1, day=4)
+        ival_WWED = Period(freq="W-WED", year=2007, month=1, day=3)
+        ival_WTUE = Period(freq="W-TUE", year=2007, month=1, day=2)
+        ival_WMON = Period(freq="W-MON", year=2007, month=1, day=1)
+
+        ival_WSUN_to_D_start = Period(freq="D", year=2007, month=1, day=1)
+        ival_WSUN_to_D_end = Period(freq="D", year=2007, month=1, day=7)
+        ival_WSAT_to_D_start = Period(freq="D", year=2006, month=12, day=31)
+        ival_WSAT_to_D_end = Period(freq="D", year=2007, month=1, day=6)
+        ival_WFRI_to_D_start = Period(freq="D", year=2006, month=12, day=30)
+        ival_WFRI_to_D_end = Period(freq="D", year=2007, month=1, day=5)
+        ival_WTHU_to_D_start = Period(freq="D", year=2006, month=12, day=29)
+        ival_WTHU_to_D_end = Period(freq="D", year=2007, month=1, day=4)
+        ival_WWED_to_D_start = Period(freq="D", year=2006, month=12, day=28)
+        ival_WWED_to_D_end = Period(freq="D", year=2007, month=1, day=3)
+        ival_WTUE_to_D_start = Period(freq="D", year=2006, month=12, day=27)
+        ival_WTUE_to_D_end = Period(freq="D", year=2007, month=1, day=2)
+        ival_WMON_to_D_start = Period(freq="D", year=2006, month=12, day=26)
+        ival_WMON_to_D_end = Period(freq="D", year=2007, month=1, day=1)
+
+        ival_W_end_of_year = Period(freq="W", year=2007, month=12, day=31)
+        ival_W_end_of_quarter = Period(freq="W", year=2007, month=3, day=31)
+        ival_W_end_of_month = Period(freq="W", year=2007, month=1, day=31)
+        ival_W_to_A = Period(freq="A", year=2007)
+        ival_W_to_Q = Period(freq="Q", year=2007, quarter=1)
+        ival_W_to_M = Period(freq="M", year=2007, month=1)
+
+        if Period(freq="D", year=2007, month=12, day=31).weekday == 6:
+            ival_W_to_A_end_of_year = Period(freq="A", year=2007)
+        else:
+            ival_W_to_A_end_of_year = Period(freq="A", year=2008)
+
+        if Period(freq="D", year=2007, month=3, day=31).weekday == 6:
+            ival_W_to_Q_end_of_quarter = Period(freq="Q", year=2007, quarter=1)
+        else:
+            ival_W_to_Q_end_of_quarter = Period(freq="Q", year=2007, quarter=2)
+
+        if Period(freq="D", year=2007, month=1, day=31).weekday == 6:
+            ival_W_to_M_end_of_month = Period(freq="M", year=2007, month=1)
+        else:
+            ival_W_to_M_end_of_month = Period(freq="M", year=2007, month=2)
+
+        with tm.assert_produces_warning(FutureWarning, match=bday_msg):
+            ival_W_to_B_start = Period(freq="B", year=2007, month=1, day=1)
+            ival_W_to_B_end = Period(freq="B", year=2007, month=1, day=5)
+        ival_W_to_D_start = Period(freq="D", year=2007, month=1, day=1)
+        ival_W_to_D_end = Period(freq="D", year=2007, month=1, day=7)
+        ival_W_to_H_start = Period(freq="H", year=2007, month=1, day=1, hour=0)
+        ival_W_to_H_end = Period(freq="H", year=2007, month=1, day=7, hour=23)
+        ival_W_to_T_start = Period(
+            freq="Min", year=2007, month=1, day=1, hour=0, minute=0
+        )
+        ival_W_to_T_end = Period(
+            freq="Min", year=2007, month=1, day=7, hour=23, minute=59
+        )
+        ival_W_to_S_start = Period(
+            freq="S", year=2007, month=1, day=1, hour=0, minute=0, second=0
+        )
+        ival_W_to_S_end = Period(
+            freq="S", year=2007, month=1, day=7, hour=23, minute=59, second=59
+        )
+
+        assert ival_W.asfreq("A") == ival_W_to_A
+        assert ival_W_end_of_year.asfreq("A") == ival_W_to_A_end_of_year
+
+        assert ival_W.asfreq("Q") == ival_W_to_Q
+        assert ival_W_end_of_quarter.asfreq("Q") == ival_W_to_Q_end_of_quarter
+
+        assert ival_W.asfreq("M") == ival_W_to_M
+        assert ival_W_end_of_month.asfreq("M") == ival_W_to_M_end_of_month
+
+        with tm.assert_produces_warning(FutureWarning, match=bday_msg):
+            assert ival_W.asfreq("B", "S") == ival_W_to_B_start
+            assert ival_W.asfreq("B", "E") == ival_W_to_B_end
+
+        assert ival_W.asfreq("D", "S") == ival_W_to_D_start
+        assert ival_W.asfreq("D", "E") == ival_W_to_D_end
+
+        assert ival_WSUN.asfreq("D", "S") == ival_WSUN_to_D_start
+        assert ival_WSUN.asfreq("D", "E") == ival_WSUN_to_D_end
+        assert ival_WSAT.asfreq("D", "S") == ival_WSAT_to_D_start
+        assert ival_WSAT.asfreq("D", "E") == ival_WSAT_to_D_end
+        assert ival_WFRI.asfreq("D", "S") == ival_WFRI_to_D_start
+        assert ival_WFRI.asfreq("D", "E") == ival_WFRI_to_D_end
+        assert ival_WTHU.asfreq("D", "S") == ival_WTHU_to_D_start
+        assert ival_WTHU.asfreq("D", "E") == ival_WTHU_to_D_end
+        assert ival_WWED.asfreq("D", "S") == ival_WWED_to_D_start
+        assert ival_WWED.asfreq("D", "E") == ival_WWED_to_D_end
+        assert ival_WTUE.asfreq("D", "S") == ival_WTUE_to_D_start
+        assert ival_WTUE.asfreq("D", "E") == ival_WTUE_to_D_end
+        assert ival_WMON.asfreq("D", "S") == ival_WMON_to_D_start
+        assert ival_WMON.asfreq("D", "E") == ival_WMON_to_D_end
+
+        assert ival_W.asfreq("H", "S") == ival_W_to_H_start
+        assert ival_W.asfreq("H", "E") == ival_W_to_H_end
+        assert ival_W.asfreq("Min", "S") == ival_W_to_T_start
+        assert ival_W.asfreq("Min", "E") == ival_W_to_T_end
+        assert ival_W.asfreq("S", "S") == ival_W_to_S_start
+        assert ival_W.asfreq("S", "E") == ival_W_to_S_end
+
+        assert ival_W.asfreq("W") == ival_W
+
+        msg = INVALID_FREQ_ERR_MSG
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+            ival_W.asfreq("WK")
+
+    def test_conv_weekly_legacy(self):
+        # frequency conversion tests: from Weekly Frequency
+        msg = INVALID_FREQ_ERR_MSG
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+            Period(freq="WK", year=2007, month=1, day=1)
+
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+            Period(freq="WK-SAT", year=2007, month=1, day=6)
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+            Period(freq="WK-FRI", year=2007, month=1, day=5)
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+            Period(freq="WK-THU", year=2007, month=1, day=4)
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+            Period(freq="WK-WED", year=2007, month=1, day=3)
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+            Period(freq="WK-TUE", year=2007, month=1, day=2)
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+            Period(freq="WK-MON", year=2007, month=1, day=1)
+
+    def test_conv_business(self):
+        # frequency conversion tests: from Business Frequency"
+
+        with tm.assert_produces_warning(FutureWarning, match=bday_msg):
+            ival_B = Period(freq="B", year=2007, month=1, day=1)
+            ival_B_end_of_year = Period(freq="B", year=2007, month=12, day=31)
+            ival_B_end_of_quarter = Period(freq="B", year=2007, month=3, day=30)
+            ival_B_end_of_month = Period(freq="B", year=2007, month=1, day=31)
+            ival_B_end_of_week = Period(freq="B", year=2007, month=1, day=5)
+
+        ival_B_to_A = Period(freq="A", year=2007)
+        ival_B_to_Q = Period(freq="Q", year=2007, quarter=1)
+        ival_B_to_M = Period(freq="M", year=2007, month=1)
+        ival_B_to_W = Period(freq="W", year=2007, month=1, day=7)
+        ival_B_to_D = Period(freq="D", year=2007, month=1, day=1)
+        ival_B_to_H_start = Period(freq="H", year=2007, month=1, day=1, hour=0)
+        ival_B_to_H_end = Period(freq="H", year=2007, month=1, day=1, hour=23)
+        ival_B_to_T_start = Period(
+            freq="Min", year=2007, month=1, day=1, hour=0, minute=0
+        )
+        ival_B_to_T_end = Period(
+            freq="Min", year=2007, month=1, day=1, hour=23, minute=59
+        )
+        ival_B_to_S_start = Period(
+            freq="S", year=2007, month=1, day=1, hour=0, minute=0, second=0
+        )
+        ival_B_to_S_end = Period(
+            freq="S", year=2007, month=1, day=1, hour=23, minute=59, second=59
+        )
+
+        assert ival_B.asfreq("A") == ival_B_to_A
+        assert ival_B_end_of_year.asfreq("A") == ival_B_to_A
+        assert ival_B.asfreq("Q") == ival_B_to_Q
+        assert ival_B_end_of_quarter.asfreq("Q") == ival_B_to_Q
+        assert ival_B.asfreq("M") == ival_B_to_M
+        assert ival_B_end_of_month.asfreq("M") == ival_B_to_M
+        assert ival_B.asfreq("W") == ival_B_to_W
+        assert ival_B_end_of_week.asfreq("W") == ival_B_to_W
+
+        assert ival_B.asfreq("D") == ival_B_to_D
+
+        assert ival_B.asfreq("H", "S") == ival_B_to_H_start
+        assert ival_B.asfreq("H", "E") == ival_B_to_H_end
+        assert ival_B.asfreq("Min", "S") == ival_B_to_T_start
+        assert ival_B.asfreq("Min", "E") == ival_B_to_T_end
+        assert ival_B.asfreq("S", "S") == ival_B_to_S_start
+        assert ival_B.asfreq("S", "E") == ival_B_to_S_end
+
+        with tm.assert_produces_warning(FutureWarning, match=bday_msg):
+            assert ival_B.asfreq("B") == ival_B
+
+    def test_conv_daily(self):
+        # frequency conversion tests: from Business Frequency"
+
+        ival_D = Period(freq="D", year=2007, month=1, day=1)
+        ival_D_end_of_year = Period(freq="D", year=2007, month=12, day=31)
+        ival_D_end_of_quarter = Period(freq="D", year=2007, month=3, day=31)
+        ival_D_end_of_month = Period(freq="D", year=2007, month=1, day=31)
+        ival_D_end_of_week = Period(freq="D", year=2007, month=1, day=7)
+
+        ival_D_friday = Period(freq="D", year=2007, month=1, day=5)
+        ival_D_saturday = Period(freq="D", year=2007, month=1, day=6)
+        ival_D_sunday = Period(freq="D", year=2007, month=1, day=7)
+
+        with tm.assert_produces_warning(FutureWarning, match=bday_msg):
+            ival_B_friday = Period(freq="B", year=2007, month=1, day=5)
+            ival_B_monday = Period(freq="B", year=2007, month=1, day=8)
+
+        ival_D_to_A = Period(freq="A", year=2007)
+
+        ival_Deoq_to_AJAN = Period(freq="A-JAN", year=2008)
+        ival_Deoq_to_AJUN = Period(freq="A-JUN", year=2007)
+        ival_Deoq_to_ADEC = Period(freq="A-DEC", year=2007)
+
+        ival_D_to_QEJAN = Period(freq="Q-JAN", year=2007, quarter=4)
+        ival_D_to_QEJUN = Period(freq="Q-JUN", year=2007, quarter=3)
+        ival_D_to_QEDEC = Period(freq="Q-DEC", year=2007, quarter=1)
+
+        ival_D_to_M = Period(freq="M", year=2007, month=1)
+        ival_D_to_W = Period(freq="W", year=2007, month=1, day=7)
+
+        ival_D_to_H_start = Period(freq="H", year=2007, month=1, day=1, hour=0)
+        ival_D_to_H_end = Period(freq="H", year=2007, month=1, day=1, hour=23)
+        ival_D_to_T_start = Period(
+            freq="Min", year=2007, month=1, day=1, hour=0, minute=0
+        )
+        ival_D_to_T_end = Period(
+            freq="Min", year=2007, month=1, day=1, hour=23, minute=59
+        )
+        ival_D_to_S_start = Period(
+            freq="S", year=2007, month=1, day=1, hour=0, minute=0, second=0
+        )
+        ival_D_to_S_end = Period(
+            freq="S", year=2007, month=1, day=1, hour=23, minute=59, second=59
+        )
+
+        assert ival_D.asfreq("A") == ival_D_to_A
+
+        assert ival_D_end_of_quarter.asfreq("A-JAN") == ival_Deoq_to_AJAN
+        assert ival_D_end_of_quarter.asfreq("A-JUN") == ival_Deoq_to_AJUN
+        assert ival_D_end_of_quarter.asfreq("A-DEC") == ival_Deoq_to_ADEC
+
+        assert ival_D_end_of_year.asfreq("A") == ival_D_to_A
+        assert ival_D_end_of_quarter.asfreq("Q") == ival_D_to_QEDEC
+        assert ival_D.asfreq("Q-JAN") == ival_D_to_QEJAN
+        assert ival_D.asfreq("Q-JUN") == ival_D_to_QEJUN
+        assert ival_D.asfreq("Q-DEC") == ival_D_to_QEDEC
+        assert ival_D.asfreq("M") == ival_D_to_M
+        assert ival_D_end_of_month.asfreq("M") == ival_D_to_M
+        assert ival_D.asfreq("W") == ival_D_to_W
+        assert ival_D_end_of_week.asfreq("W") == ival_D_to_W
+
+        with tm.assert_produces_warning(FutureWarning, match=bday_msg):
+            assert ival_D_friday.asfreq("B") == ival_B_friday
+            assert ival_D_saturday.asfreq("B", "S") == ival_B_friday
+            assert ival_D_saturday.asfreq("B", "E") == ival_B_monday
+            assert ival_D_sunday.asfreq("B", "S") == ival_B_friday
+            assert ival_D_sunday.asfreq("B", "E") == ival_B_monday
+
+        assert ival_D.asfreq("H", "S") == ival_D_to_H_start
+        assert ival_D.asfreq("H", "E") == ival_D_to_H_end
+        assert ival_D.asfreq("Min", "S") == ival_D_to_T_start
+        assert ival_D.asfreq("Min", "E") == ival_D_to_T_end
+        assert ival_D.asfreq("S", "S") == ival_D_to_S_start
+        assert ival_D.asfreq("S", "E") == ival_D_to_S_end
+
+        assert ival_D.asfreq("D") == ival_D
+
+    def test_conv_hourly(self):
+        # frequency conversion tests: from Hourly Frequency"
+
+        ival_H = Period(freq="H", year=2007, month=1, day=1, hour=0)
+        ival_H_end_of_year = Period(freq="H", year=2007, month=12, day=31, hour=23)
+        ival_H_end_of_quarter = Period(freq="H", year=2007, month=3, day=31, hour=23)
+        ival_H_end_of_month = Period(freq="H", year=2007, month=1, day=31, hour=23)
+        ival_H_end_of_week = Period(freq="H", year=2007, month=1, day=7, hour=23)
+        ival_H_end_of_day = Period(freq="H", year=2007, month=1, day=1, hour=23)
+        ival_H_end_of_bus = Period(freq="H", year=2007, month=1, day=1, hour=23)
+
+        ival_H_to_A = Period(freq="A", year=2007)
+        ival_H_to_Q = Period(freq="Q", year=2007, quarter=1)
+        ival_H_to_M = Period(freq="M", year=2007, month=1)
+        ival_H_to_W = Period(freq="W", year=2007, month=1, day=7)
+        ival_H_to_D = Period(freq="D", year=2007, month=1, day=1)
+        with tm.assert_produces_warning(FutureWarning, match=bday_msg):
+            ival_H_to_B = Period(freq="B", year=2007, month=1, day=1)
+
+        ival_H_to_T_start = Period(
+            freq="Min", year=2007, month=1, day=1, hour=0, minute=0
+        )
+        ival_H_to_T_end = Period(
+            freq="Min", year=2007, month=1, day=1, hour=0, minute=59
+        )
+        ival_H_to_S_start = Period(
+            freq="S", year=2007, month=1, day=1, hour=0, minute=0, second=0
+        )
+        ival_H_to_S_end = Period(
+            freq="S", year=2007, month=1, day=1, hour=0, minute=59, second=59
+        )
+
+        assert ival_H.asfreq("A") == ival_H_to_A
+        assert ival_H_end_of_year.asfreq("A") == ival_H_to_A
+        assert ival_H.asfreq("Q") == ival_H_to_Q
+        assert ival_H_end_of_quarter.asfreq("Q") == ival_H_to_Q
+        assert ival_H.asfreq("M") == ival_H_to_M
+        assert ival_H_end_of_month.asfreq("M") == ival_H_to_M
+        assert ival_H.asfreq("W") == ival_H_to_W
+        assert ival_H_end_of_week.asfreq("W") == ival_H_to_W
+        assert ival_H.asfreq("D") == ival_H_to_D
+        assert ival_H_end_of_day.asfreq("D") == ival_H_to_D
+        with tm.assert_produces_warning(FutureWarning, match=bday_msg):
+            assert ival_H.asfreq("B") == ival_H_to_B
+            assert ival_H_end_of_bus.asfreq("B") == ival_H_to_B
+
+        assert ival_H.asfreq("Min", "S") == ival_H_to_T_start
+        assert ival_H.asfreq("Min", "E") == ival_H_to_T_end
+        assert ival_H.asfreq("S", "S") == ival_H_to_S_start
+        assert ival_H.asfreq("S", "E") == ival_H_to_S_end
+
+        assert ival_H.asfreq("H") == ival_H
+
+    def test_conv_minutely(self):
+        # frequency conversion tests: from Minutely Frequency"
+
+        ival_T = Period(freq="Min", year=2007, month=1, day=1, hour=0, minute=0)
+        ival_T_end_of_year = Period(
+            freq="Min", year=2007, month=12, day=31, hour=23, minute=59
+        )
+        ival_T_end_of_quarter = Period(
+            freq="Min", year=2007, month=3, day=31, hour=23, minute=59
+        )
+        ival_T_end_of_month = Period(
+            freq="Min", year=2007, month=1, day=31, hour=23, minute=59
+        )
+        ival_T_end_of_week = Period(
+            freq="Min", year=2007, month=1, day=7, hour=23, minute=59
+        )
+        ival_T_end_of_day = Period(
+            freq="Min", year=2007, month=1, day=1, hour=23, minute=59
+        )
+        ival_T_end_of_bus = Period(
+            freq="Min", year=2007, month=1, day=1, hour=23, minute=59
+        )
+        ival_T_end_of_hour = Period(
+            freq="Min", year=2007, month=1, day=1, hour=0, minute=59
+        )
+
+        ival_T_to_A = Period(freq="A", year=2007)
+        ival_T_to_Q = Period(freq="Q", year=2007, quarter=1)
+        ival_T_to_M = Period(freq="M", year=2007, month=1)
+        ival_T_to_W = Period(freq="W", year=2007, month=1, day=7)
+        ival_T_to_D = Period(freq="D", year=2007, month=1, day=1)
+        with tm.assert_produces_warning(FutureWarning, match=bday_msg):
+            ival_T_to_B = Period(freq="B", year=2007, month=1, day=1)
+        ival_T_to_H = Period(freq="H", year=2007, month=1, day=1, hour=0)
+
+        ival_T_to_S_start = Period(
+            freq="S", year=2007, month=1, day=1, hour=0, minute=0, second=0
+        )
+        ival_T_to_S_end = Period(
+            freq="S", year=2007, month=1, day=1, hour=0, minute=0, second=59
+        )
+
+        assert ival_T.asfreq("A") == ival_T_to_A
+        assert ival_T_end_of_year.asfreq("A") == ival_T_to_A
+        assert ival_T.asfreq("Q") == ival_T_to_Q
+        assert ival_T_end_of_quarter.asfreq("Q") == ival_T_to_Q
+        assert ival_T.asfreq("M") == ival_T_to_M
+        assert ival_T_end_of_month.asfreq("M") == ival_T_to_M
+        assert ival_T.asfreq("W") == ival_T_to_W
+        assert ival_T_end_of_week.asfreq("W") == ival_T_to_W
+        assert ival_T.asfreq("D") == ival_T_to_D
+        assert ival_T_end_of_day.asfreq("D") == ival_T_to_D
+        with tm.assert_produces_warning(FutureWarning, match=bday_msg):
+            assert ival_T.asfreq("B") == ival_T_to_B
+            assert ival_T_end_of_bus.asfreq("B") == ival_T_to_B
+        assert ival_T.asfreq("H") == ival_T_to_H
+        assert ival_T_end_of_hour.asfreq("H") == ival_T_to_H
+
+        assert ival_T.asfreq("S", "S") == ival_T_to_S_start
+        assert ival_T.asfreq("S", "E") == ival_T_to_S_end
+
+        assert ival_T.asfreq("Min") == ival_T
+
+    def test_conv_secondly(self):
+        # frequency conversion tests: from Secondly Frequency"
+
+        ival_S = Period(freq="S", year=2007, month=1, day=1, hour=0, minute=0, second=0)
+        ival_S_end_of_year = Period(
+            freq="S", year=2007, month=12, day=31, hour=23, minute=59, second=59
+        )
+        ival_S_end_of_quarter = Period(
+            freq="S", year=2007, month=3, day=31, hour=23, minute=59, second=59
+        )
+        ival_S_end_of_month = Period(
+            freq="S", year=2007, month=1, day=31, hour=23, minute=59, second=59
+        )
+        ival_S_end_of_week = Period(
+            freq="S", year=2007, month=1, day=7, hour=23, minute=59, second=59
+        )
+        ival_S_end_of_day = Period(
+            freq="S", year=2007, month=1, day=1, hour=23, minute=59, second=59
+        )
+        ival_S_end_of_bus = Period(
+            freq="S", year=2007, month=1, day=1, hour=23, minute=59, second=59
+        )
+        ival_S_end_of_hour = Period(
+            freq="S", year=2007, month=1, day=1, hour=0, minute=59, second=59
+        )
+        ival_S_end_of_minute = Period(
+            freq="S", year=2007, month=1, day=1, hour=0, minute=0, second=59
+        )
+
+        ival_S_to_A = Period(freq="A", year=2007)
+        ival_S_to_Q = Period(freq="Q", year=2007, quarter=1)
+        ival_S_to_M = Period(freq="M", year=2007, month=1)
+        ival_S_to_W = Period(freq="W", year=2007, month=1, day=7)
+        ival_S_to_D = Period(freq="D", year=2007, month=1, day=1)
+        with tm.assert_produces_warning(FutureWarning, match=bday_msg):
+            ival_S_to_B = Period(freq="B", year=2007, month=1, day=1)
+        ival_S_to_H = Period(freq="H", year=2007, month=1, day=1, hour=0)
+        ival_S_to_T = Period(freq="Min", year=2007, month=1, day=1, hour=0, minute=0)
+
+        assert ival_S.asfreq("A") == ival_S_to_A
+        assert ival_S_end_of_year.asfreq("A") == ival_S_to_A
+        assert ival_S.asfreq("Q") == ival_S_to_Q
+        assert ival_S_end_of_quarter.asfreq("Q") == ival_S_to_Q
+        assert ival_S.asfreq("M") == ival_S_to_M
+        assert ival_S_end_of_month.asfreq("M") == ival_S_to_M
+        assert ival_S.asfreq("W") == ival_S_to_W
+        assert ival_S_end_of_week.asfreq("W") == ival_S_to_W
+        assert ival_S.asfreq("D") == ival_S_to_D
+        assert ival_S_end_of_day.asfreq("D") == ival_S_to_D
+        with tm.assert_produces_warning(FutureWarning, match=bday_msg):
+            assert ival_S.asfreq("B") == ival_S_to_B
+            assert ival_S_end_of_bus.asfreq("B") == ival_S_to_B
+        assert ival_S.asfreq("H") == ival_S_to_H
+        assert ival_S_end_of_hour.asfreq("H") == ival_S_to_H
+        assert ival_S.asfreq("Min") == ival_S_to_T
+        assert ival_S_end_of_minute.asfreq("Min") == ival_S_to_T
+
+        assert ival_S.asfreq("S") == ival_S
+
+    def test_conv_microsecond(self):
+        # GH#31475 Avoid floating point errors dropping the start_time to
+        #  before the beginning of the Period
+        per = Period("2020-01-30 15:57:27.576166", freq="U")
+        assert per.ordinal == 1580399847576166
+
+        start = per.start_time
+        expected = Timestamp("2020-01-30 15:57:27.576166")
+        assert start == expected
+        assert start._value == per.ordinal * 1000
+
+        per2 = Period("2300-01-01", "us")
+        msg = "2300-01-01"
+        with pytest.raises(OutOfBoundsDatetime, match=msg):
+            per2.start_time
+        with pytest.raises(OutOfBoundsDatetime, match=msg):
+            per2.end_time
+
+    def test_asfreq_mult(self):
+        # normal freq to mult freq
+        p = Period(freq="A", year=2007)
+        # ordinal will not change
+        for freq in ["3A", offsets.YearEnd(3)]:
+            result = p.asfreq(freq)
+            expected = Period("2007", freq="3A")
+
+            assert result == expected
+            assert result.ordinal == expected.ordinal
+            assert result.freq == expected.freq
+        # ordinal will not change
+        for freq in ["3A", offsets.YearEnd(3)]:
+            result = p.asfreq(freq, how="S")
+            expected = Period("2007", freq="3A")
+
+            assert result == expected
+            assert result.ordinal == expected.ordinal
+            assert result.freq == expected.freq
+
+        # mult freq to normal freq
+        p = Period(freq="3A", year=2007)
+        # ordinal will change because how=E is the default
+        for freq in ["A", offsets.YearEnd()]:
+            result = p.asfreq(freq)
+            expected = Period("2009", freq="A")
+
+            assert result == expected
+            assert result.ordinal == expected.ordinal
+            assert result.freq == expected.freq
+        # ordinal will not change
+        for freq in ["A", offsets.YearEnd()]:
+            result = p.asfreq(freq, how="S")
+            expected = Period("2007", freq="A")
+
+            assert result == expected
+            assert result.ordinal == expected.ordinal
+            assert result.freq == expected.freq
+
+        p = Period(freq="A", year=2007)
+        for freq in ["2M", offsets.MonthEnd(2)]:
+            result = p.asfreq(freq)
+            expected = Period("2007-12", freq="2M")
+
+            assert result == expected
+            assert result.ordinal == expected.ordinal
+            assert result.freq == expected.freq
+        for freq in ["2M", offsets.MonthEnd(2)]:
+            result = p.asfreq(freq, how="S")
+            expected = Period("2007-01", freq="2M")
+
+            assert result == expected
+            assert result.ordinal == expected.ordinal
+            assert result.freq == expected.freq
+
+        p = Period(freq="3A", year=2007)
+        for freq in ["2M", offsets.MonthEnd(2)]:
+            result = p.asfreq(freq)
+            expected = Period("2009-12", freq="2M")
+
+            assert result == expected
+            assert result.ordinal == expected.ordinal
+            assert result.freq == expected.freq
+        for freq in ["2M", offsets.MonthEnd(2)]:
+            result = p.asfreq(freq, how="S")
+            expected = Period("2007-01", freq="2M")
+
+            assert result == expected
+            assert result.ordinal == expected.ordinal
+            assert result.freq == expected.freq
+
+    def test_asfreq_combined(self):
+        # normal freq to combined freq
+        p = Period("2007", freq="H")
+
+        # ordinal will not change
+        expected = Period("2007", freq="25H")
+        for freq, how in zip(["1D1H", "1H1D"], ["E", "S"]):
+            result = p.asfreq(freq, how=how)
+            assert result == expected
+            assert result.ordinal == expected.ordinal
+            assert result.freq == expected.freq
+
+        # combined freq to normal freq
+        p1 = Period(freq="1D1H", year=2007)
+        p2 = Period(freq="1H1D", year=2007)
+
+        # ordinal will change because how=E is the default
+        result1 = p1.asfreq("H")
+        result2 = p2.asfreq("H")
+        expected = Period("2007-01-02", freq="H")
+        assert result1 == expected
+        assert result1.ordinal == expected.ordinal
+        assert result1.freq == expected.freq
+        assert result2 == expected
+        assert result2.ordinal == expected.ordinal
+        assert result2.freq == expected.freq
+
+        # ordinal will not change
+        result1 = p1.asfreq("H", how="S")
+        result2 = p2.asfreq("H", how="S")
+        expected = Period("2007-01-01", freq="H")
+        assert result1 == expected
+        assert result1.ordinal == expected.ordinal
+        assert result1.freq == expected.freq
+        assert result2 == expected
+        assert result2.ordinal == expected.ordinal
+        assert result2.freq == expected.freq
+
+    def test_asfreq_MS(self):
+        initial = Period("2013")
+
+        assert initial.asfreq(freq="M", how="S") == Period("2013-01", "M")
+
+        msg = INVALID_FREQ_ERR_MSG
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+            initial.asfreq(freq="MS", how="S")
+
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+            Period("2013-01", "MS")
+
+        assert _period_code_map.get("MS") is None

AppDir/usr/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pandas/tests/scalar/test_na_scalar.py

@@ -0,0 +1,316 @@
+from datetime import (
+    date,
+    time,
+    timedelta,
+)
+import pickle
+
+import numpy as np
+import pytest
+
+from pandas._libs.missing import NA
+
+from pandas.core.dtypes.common import is_scalar
+
+import pandas as pd
+import pandas._testing as tm
+
+
+def test_singleton():
+    assert NA is NA
+    new_NA = type(NA)()
+    assert new_NA is NA
+
+
+def test_repr():
+    assert repr(NA) == "<NA>"
+    assert str(NA) == "<NA>"
+
+
+def test_format():
+    # GH-34740
+    assert format(NA) == "<NA>"
+    assert format(NA, ">10") == "      <NA>"
+    assert format(NA, "xxx") == "<NA>"  # NA is flexible, accept any format spec
+
+    assert f"{NA}" == "<NA>"
+    assert f"{NA:>10}" == "      <NA>"
+    assert f"{NA:xxx}" == "<NA>"
+
+
+def test_truthiness():
+    msg = "boolean value of NA is ambiguous"
+
+    with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+        bool(NA)
+
+    with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+        not NA
+
+
+def test_hashable():
+    assert hash(NA) == hash(NA)
+    d = {NA: "test"}
+    assert d[NA] == "test"
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "other", [NA, 1, 1.0, "a", b"a", np.int64(1), np.nan], ids=repr
+)
+def test_arithmetic_ops(all_arithmetic_functions, other):
+    op = all_arithmetic_functions
+
+    if op.__name__ in ("pow", "rpow", "rmod") and isinstance(other, (str, bytes)):
+        pytest.skip(reason=f"{op.__name__} with NA and {other} not defined.")
+    if op.__name__ in ("divmod", "rdivmod"):
+        assert op(NA, other) is (NA, NA)
+    else:
+        if op.__name__ == "rpow":
+            # avoid special case
+            other += 1
+        assert op(NA, other) is NA
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "other",
+    [
+        NA,
+        1,
+        1.0,
+        "a",
+        b"a",
+        np.int64(1),
+        np.nan,
+        np.bool_(True),
+        time(0),
+        date(1, 2, 3),
+        timedelta(1),
+        pd.NaT,
+    ],
+)
+def test_comparison_ops(comparison_op, other):
+    assert comparison_op(NA, other) is NA
+    assert comparison_op(other, NA) is NA
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "value",
+    [
+        0,
+        0.0,
+        -0,
+        -0.0,
+        False,
+        np.bool_(False),
+        np.int_(0),
+        np.float64(0),
+        np.int_(-0),
+        np.float64(-0),
+    ],
+)
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("asarray", [True, False])
+def test_pow_special(value, asarray):
+    if asarray:
+        value = np.array([value])
+    result = NA**value
+
+    if asarray:
+        result = result[0]
+    else:
+        # this assertion isn't possible for ndarray.
+        assert isinstance(result, type(value))
+    assert result == 1
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "value", [1, 1.0, True, np.bool_(True), np.int_(1), np.float64(1)]
+)
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("asarray", [True, False])
+def test_rpow_special(value, asarray):
+    if asarray:
+        value = np.array([value])
+    result = value**NA
+
+    if asarray:
+        result = result[0]
+    elif not isinstance(value, (np.float64, np.bool_, np.int_)):
+        # this assertion isn't possible with asarray=True
+        assert isinstance(result, type(value))
+
+    assert result == value
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("value", [-1, -1.0, np.int_(-1), np.float64(-1)])
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("asarray", [True, False])
+def test_rpow_minus_one(value, asarray):
+    if asarray:
+        value = np.array([value])
+    result = value**NA
+
+    if asarray:
+        result = result[0]
+
+    assert pd.isna(result)
+
+
+def test_unary_ops():
+    assert +NA is NA
+    assert -NA is NA
+    assert abs(NA) is NA
+    assert ~NA is NA
+
+
+def test_logical_and():
+    assert NA & True is NA
+    assert True & NA is NA
+    assert NA & False is False
+    assert False & NA is False
+    assert NA & NA is NA
+
+    msg = "unsupported operand type"
+    with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+        NA & 5
+
+
+def test_logical_or():
+    assert NA | True is True
+    assert True | NA is True
+    assert NA | False is NA
+    assert False | NA is NA
+    assert NA | NA is NA
+
+    msg = "unsupported operand type"
+    with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+        NA | 5
+
+
+def test_logical_xor():
+    assert NA ^ True is NA
+    assert True ^ NA is NA
+    assert NA ^ False is NA
+    assert False ^ NA is NA
+    assert NA ^ NA is NA
+
+    msg = "unsupported operand type"
+    with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+        NA ^ 5
+
+
+def test_logical_not():
+    assert ~NA is NA
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("shape", [(3,), (3, 3), (1, 2, 3)])
+def test_arithmetic_ndarray(shape, all_arithmetic_functions):
+    op = all_arithmetic_functions
+    a = np.zeros(shape)
+    if op.__name__ == "pow":
+        a += 5
+    result = op(NA, a)
+    expected = np.full(a.shape, NA, dtype=object)
+    tm.assert_numpy_array_equal(result, expected)
+
+
+def test_is_scalar():
+    assert is_scalar(NA) is True
+
+
+def test_isna():
+    assert pd.isna(NA) is True
+    assert pd.notna(NA) is False
+
+
+def test_series_isna():
+    s = pd.Series([1, NA], dtype=object)
+    expected = pd.Series([False, True])
+    tm.assert_series_equal(s.isna(), expected)
+
+
+def test_ufunc():
+    assert np.log(NA) is NA
+    assert np.add(NA, 1) is NA
+    result = np.divmod(NA, 1)
+    assert result[0] is NA and result[1] is NA
+
+    result = np.frexp(NA)
+    assert result[0] is NA and result[1] is NA
+
+
+def test_ufunc_raises():
+    msg = "ufunc method 'at'"
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+        np.log.at(NA, 0)
+
+
+def test_binary_input_not_dunder():
+    a = np.array([1, 2, 3])
+    expected = np.array([NA, NA, NA], dtype=object)
+    result = np.logaddexp(a, NA)
+    tm.assert_numpy_array_equal(result, expected)
+
+    result = np.logaddexp(NA, a)
+    tm.assert_numpy_array_equal(result, expected)
+
+    # all NA, multiple inputs
+    assert np.logaddexp(NA, NA) is NA
+
+    result = np.modf(NA, NA)
+    assert len(result) == 2
+    assert all(x is NA for x in result)
+
+
+def test_divmod_ufunc():
+    # binary in, binary out.
+    a = np.array([1, 2, 3])
+    expected = np.array([NA, NA, NA], dtype=object)
+
+    result = np.divmod(a, NA)
+    assert isinstance(result, tuple)
+    for arr in result:
+        tm.assert_numpy_array_equal(arr, expected)
+        tm.assert_numpy_array_equal(arr, expected)
+
+    result = np.divmod(NA, a)
+    for arr in result:
+        tm.assert_numpy_array_equal(arr, expected)
+        tm.assert_numpy_array_equal(arr, expected)
+
+
+def test_integer_hash_collision_dict():
+    # GH 30013
+    result = {NA: "foo", hash(NA): "bar"}
+
+    assert result[NA] == "foo"
+    assert result[hash(NA)] == "bar"
+
+
+def test_integer_hash_collision_set():
+    # GH 30013
+    result = {NA, hash(NA)}
+
+    assert len(result) == 2
+    assert NA in result
+    assert hash(NA) in result
+
+
+def test_pickle_roundtrip():
+    # https://github.com/pandas-dev/pandas/issues/31847
+    result = pickle.loads(pickle.dumps(NA))
+    assert result is NA
+
+
+def test_pickle_roundtrip_pandas():
+    result = tm.round_trip_pickle(NA)
+    assert result is NA
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "values, dtype", [([1, 2, NA], "Int64"), (["A", "B", NA], "string")]
+)
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("as_frame", [True, False])
+def test_pickle_roundtrip_containers(as_frame, values, dtype):
+    s = pd.Series(pd.array(values, dtype=dtype))
+    if as_frame:
+        s = s.to_frame(name="A")
+    result = tm.round_trip_pickle(s)
+    tm.assert_equal(result, s)

AppDir/usr/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pandas/tests/scalar/test_nat.py

@@ -0,0 +1,695 @@
+from datetime import (
+    datetime,
+    timedelta,
+)
+import operator
+
+import numpy as np
+import pytest
+import pytz
+
+from pandas._libs.tslibs import iNaT
+from pandas.compat.numpy import np_version_gte1p24p3
+
+from pandas import (
+    DatetimeIndex,
+    DatetimeTZDtype,
+    Index,
+    NaT,
+    Period,
+    Series,
+    Timedelta,
+    TimedeltaIndex,
+    Timestamp,
+    isna,
+    offsets,
+)
+import pandas._testing as tm
+from pandas.core import roperator
+from pandas.core.arrays import (
+    DatetimeArray,
+    PeriodArray,
+    TimedeltaArray,
+)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "nat,idx",
+    [
+        (Timestamp("NaT"), DatetimeArray),
+        (Timedelta("NaT"), TimedeltaArray),
+        (Period("NaT", freq="M"), PeriodArray),
+    ],
+)
+def test_nat_fields(nat, idx):
+    for field in idx._field_ops:
+        # weekday is a property of DTI, but a method
+        # on NaT/Timestamp for compat with datetime
+        if field == "weekday":
+            continue
+
+        result = getattr(NaT, field)
+        assert np.isnan(result)
+
+        result = getattr(nat, field)
+        assert np.isnan(result)
+
+    for field in idx._bool_ops:
+        result = getattr(NaT, field)
+        assert result is False
+
+        result = getattr(nat, field)
+        assert result is False
+
+
+def test_nat_vector_field_access():
+    idx = DatetimeIndex(["1/1/2000", None, None, "1/4/2000"])
+
+    for field in DatetimeArray._field_ops:
+        # weekday is a property of DTI, but a method
+        # on NaT/Timestamp for compat with datetime
+        if field == "weekday":
+            continue
+
+        result = getattr(idx, field)
+        expected = Index([getattr(x, field) for x in idx])
+        tm.assert_index_equal(result, expected)
+
+    ser = Series(idx)
+
+    for field in DatetimeArray._field_ops:
+        # weekday is a property of DTI, but a method
+        # on NaT/Timestamp for compat with datetime
+        if field == "weekday":
+            continue
+
+        result = getattr(ser.dt, field)
+        expected = [getattr(x, field) for x in idx]
+        tm.assert_series_equal(result, Series(expected))
+
+    for field in DatetimeArray._bool_ops:
+        result = getattr(ser.dt, field)
+        expected = [getattr(x, field) for x in idx]
+        tm.assert_series_equal(result, Series(expected))
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("klass", [Timestamp, Timedelta, Period])
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "value", [None, np.nan, iNaT, float("nan"), NaT, "NaT", "nat", "", "NAT"]
+)
+def test_identity(klass, value):
+    assert klass(value) is NaT
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("klass", [Timestamp, Timedelta])
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("method", ["round", "floor", "ceil"])
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("freq", ["s", "5s", "min", "5min", "h", "5h"])
+def test_round_nat(klass, method, freq):
+    # see gh-14940
+    ts = klass("nat")
+
+    round_method = getattr(ts, method)
+    assert round_method(freq) is ts
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "method",
+    [
+        "astimezone",
+        "combine",
+        "ctime",
+        "dst",
+        "fromordinal",
+        "fromtimestamp",
+        "fromisocalendar",
+        "isocalendar",
+        "strftime",
+        "strptime",
+        "time",
+        "timestamp",
+        "timetuple",
+        "timetz",
+        "toordinal",
+        "tzname",
+        "utcfromtimestamp",
+        "utcnow",
+        "utcoffset",
+        "utctimetuple",
+        "timestamp",
+    ],
+)
+def test_nat_methods_raise(method):
+    # see gh-9513, gh-17329
+    msg = f"NaTType does not support {method}"
+
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+        getattr(NaT, method)()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("method", ["weekday", "isoweekday"])
+def test_nat_methods_nan(method):
+    # see gh-9513, gh-17329
+    assert np.isnan(getattr(NaT, method)())
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "method", ["date", "now", "replace", "today", "tz_convert", "tz_localize"]
+)
+def test_nat_methods_nat(method):
+    # see gh-8254, gh-9513, gh-17329
+    assert getattr(NaT, method)() is NaT
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "get_nat", [lambda x: NaT, lambda x: Timedelta(x), lambda x: Timestamp(x)]
+)
+def test_nat_iso_format(get_nat):
+    # see gh-12300
+    assert get_nat("NaT").isoformat() == "NaT"
+    assert get_nat("NaT").isoformat(timespec="nanoseconds") == "NaT"
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "klass,expected",
+    [
+        (Timestamp, ["normalize", "to_julian_date", "to_period", "unit"]),
+        (
+            Timedelta,
+            [
+                "components",
+                "resolution_string",
+                "to_pytimedelta",
+                "to_timedelta64",
+                "unit",
+                "view",
+            ],
+        ),
+    ],
+)
+def test_missing_public_nat_methods(klass, expected):
+    # see gh-17327
+    #
+    # NaT should have *most* of the Timestamp and Timedelta methods.
+    # Here, we check which public methods NaT does not have. We
+    # ignore any missing private methods.
+    nat_names = dir(NaT)
+    klass_names = dir(klass)
+
+    missing = [x for x in klass_names if x not in nat_names and not x.startswith("_")]
+    missing.sort()
+
+    assert missing == expected
+
+
+def _get_overlap_public_nat_methods(klass, as_tuple=False):
+    """
+    Get overlapping public methods between NaT and another class.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    klass : type
+        The class to compare with NaT
+    as_tuple : bool, default False
+        Whether to return a list of tuples of the form (klass, method).
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    overlap : list
+    """
+    nat_names = dir(NaT)
+    klass_names = dir(klass)
+
+    overlap = [
+        x
+        for x in nat_names
+        if x in klass_names and not x.startswith("_") and callable(getattr(klass, x))
+    ]
+
+    # Timestamp takes precedence over Timedelta in terms of overlap.
+    if klass is Timedelta:
+        ts_names = dir(Timestamp)
+        overlap = [x for x in overlap if x not in ts_names]
+
+    if as_tuple:
+        overlap = [(klass, method) for method in overlap]
+
+    overlap.sort()
+    return overlap
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "klass,expected",
+    [
+        (
+            Timestamp,
+            [
+                "as_unit",
+                "astimezone",
+                "ceil",
+                "combine",
+                "ctime",
+                "date",
+                "day_name",
+                "dst",
+                "floor",
+                "fromisocalendar",
+                "fromisoformat",
+                "fromordinal",
+                "fromtimestamp",
+                "isocalendar",
+                "isoformat",
+                "isoweekday",
+                "month_name",
+                "now",
+                "replace",
+                "round",
+                "strftime",
+                "strptime",
+                "time",
+                "timestamp",
+                "timetuple",
+                "timetz",
+                "to_datetime64",
+                "to_numpy",
+                "to_pydatetime",
+                "today",
+                "toordinal",
+                "tz_convert",
+                "tz_localize",
+                "tzname",
+                "utcfromtimestamp",
+                "utcnow",
+                "utcoffset",
+                "utctimetuple",
+                "weekday",
+            ],
+        ),
+        (Timedelta, ["total_seconds"]),
+    ],
+)
+def test_overlap_public_nat_methods(klass, expected):
+    # see gh-17327
+    #
+    # NaT should have *most* of the Timestamp and Timedelta methods.
+    # In case when Timestamp, Timedelta, and NaT are overlap, the overlap
+    # is considered to be with Timestamp and NaT, not Timedelta.
+    assert _get_overlap_public_nat_methods(klass) == expected
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "compare",
+    (
+        _get_overlap_public_nat_methods(Timestamp, True)
+        + _get_overlap_public_nat_methods(Timedelta, True)
+    ),
+    ids=lambda x: f"{x[0].__name__}.{x[1]}",
+)
+def test_nat_doc_strings(compare):
+    # see gh-17327
+    #
+    # The docstrings for overlapping methods should match.
+    klass, method = compare
+    klass_doc = getattr(klass, method).__doc__
+
+    if klass == Timestamp and method == "isoformat":
+        pytest.skip(
+            "Ignore differences with Timestamp.isoformat() as they're intentional"
+        )
+
+    if method == "to_numpy":
+        # GH#44460 can return either dt64 or td64 depending on dtype,
+        #  different docstring is intentional
+        pytest.skip(f"different docstring for {method} is intentional")
+
+    nat_doc = getattr(NaT, method).__doc__
+    assert klass_doc == nat_doc
+
+
+_ops = {
+    "left_plus_right": lambda a, b: a + b,
+    "right_plus_left": lambda a, b: b + a,
+    "left_minus_right": lambda a, b: a - b,
+    "right_minus_left": lambda a, b: b - a,
+    "left_times_right": lambda a, b: a * b,
+    "right_times_left": lambda a, b: b * a,
+    "left_div_right": lambda a, b: a / b,
+    "right_div_left": lambda a, b: b / a,
+}
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("op_name", list(_ops.keys()))
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "value,val_type",
+    [
+        (2, "scalar"),
+        (1.5, "floating"),
+        (np.nan, "floating"),
+        ("foo", "str"),
+        (timedelta(3600), "timedelta"),
+        (Timedelta("5s"), "timedelta"),
+        (datetime(2014, 1, 1), "timestamp"),
+        (Timestamp("2014-01-01"), "timestamp"),
+        (Timestamp("2014-01-01", tz="UTC"), "timestamp"),
+        (Timestamp("2014-01-01", tz="US/Eastern"), "timestamp"),
+        (pytz.timezone("Asia/Tokyo").localize(datetime(2014, 1, 1)), "timestamp"),
+    ],
+)
+def test_nat_arithmetic_scalar(op_name, value, val_type):
+    # see gh-6873
+    invalid_ops = {
+        "scalar": {"right_div_left"},
+        "floating": {
+            "right_div_left",
+            "left_minus_right",
+            "right_minus_left",
+            "left_plus_right",
+            "right_plus_left",
+        },
+        "str": set(_ops.keys()),
+        "timedelta": {"left_times_right", "right_times_left"},
+        "timestamp": {
+            "left_times_right",
+            "right_times_left",
+            "left_div_right",
+            "right_div_left",
+        },
+    }
+
+    op = _ops[op_name]
+
+    if op_name in invalid_ops.get(val_type, set()):
+        if (
+            val_type == "timedelta"
+            and "times" in op_name
+            and isinstance(value, Timedelta)
+        ):
+            typs = "(Timedelta|NaTType)"
+            msg = rf"unsupported operand type\(s\) for \*: '{typs}' and '{typs}'"
+        elif val_type == "str":
+            # un-specific check here because the message comes from str
+            #  and varies by method
+            msg = "|".join(
+                [
+                    "can only concatenate str",
+                    "unsupported operand type",
+                    "can't multiply sequence",
+                    "Can't convert 'NaTType'",
+                    "must be str, not NaTType",
+                ]
+            )
+        else:
+            msg = "unsupported operand type"
+
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+            op(NaT, value)
+    else:
+        if val_type == "timedelta" and "div" in op_name:
+            expected = np.nan
+        else:
+            expected = NaT
+
+        assert op(NaT, value) is expected
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "val,expected", [(np.nan, NaT), (NaT, np.nan), (np.timedelta64("NaT"), np.nan)]
+)
+def test_nat_rfloordiv_timedelta(val, expected):
+    # see gh-#18846
+    #
+    # See also test_timedelta.TestTimedeltaArithmetic.test_floordiv
+    td = Timedelta(hours=3, minutes=4)
+    assert td // val is expected
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "op_name",
+    ["left_plus_right", "right_plus_left", "left_minus_right", "right_minus_left"],
+)
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "value",
+    [
+        DatetimeIndex(["2011-01-01", "2011-01-02"], name="x"),
+        DatetimeIndex(["2011-01-01", "2011-01-02"], tz="US/Eastern", name="x"),
+        DatetimeArray._from_sequence(["2011-01-01", "2011-01-02"]),
+        DatetimeArray._from_sequence(
+            ["2011-01-01", "2011-01-02"], dtype=DatetimeTZDtype(tz="US/Pacific")
+        ),
+        TimedeltaIndex(["1 day", "2 day"], name="x"),
+    ],
+)
+def test_nat_arithmetic_index(op_name, value):
+    # see gh-11718
+    exp_name = "x"
+    exp_data = [NaT] * 2
+
+    if value.dtype.kind == "M" and "plus" in op_name:
+        expected = DatetimeIndex(exp_data, tz=value.tz, name=exp_name)
+    else:
+        expected = TimedeltaIndex(exp_data, name=exp_name)
+
+    if not isinstance(value, Index):
+        expected = expected.array
+
+    op = _ops[op_name]
+    result = op(NaT, value)
+    tm.assert_equal(result, expected)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "op_name",
+    ["left_plus_right", "right_plus_left", "left_minus_right", "right_minus_left"],
+)
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("box", [TimedeltaIndex, Series, TimedeltaArray._from_sequence])
+def test_nat_arithmetic_td64_vector(op_name, box):
+    # see gh-19124
+    vec = box(["1 day", "2 day"], dtype="timedelta64[ns]")
+    box_nat = box([NaT, NaT], dtype="timedelta64[ns]")
+    tm.assert_equal(_ops[op_name](vec, NaT), box_nat)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "dtype,op,out_dtype",
+    [
+        ("datetime64[ns]", operator.add, "datetime64[ns]"),
+        ("datetime64[ns]", roperator.radd, "datetime64[ns]"),
+        ("datetime64[ns]", operator.sub, "timedelta64[ns]"),
+        ("datetime64[ns]", roperator.rsub, "timedelta64[ns]"),
+        ("timedelta64[ns]", operator.add, "datetime64[ns]"),
+        ("timedelta64[ns]", roperator.radd, "datetime64[ns]"),
+        ("timedelta64[ns]", operator.sub, "datetime64[ns]"),
+        ("timedelta64[ns]", roperator.rsub, "timedelta64[ns]"),
+    ],
+)
+def test_nat_arithmetic_ndarray(dtype, op, out_dtype):
+    other = np.arange(10).astype(dtype)
+    result = op(NaT, other)
+
+    expected = np.empty(other.shape, dtype=out_dtype)
+    expected.fill("NaT")
+    tm.assert_numpy_array_equal(result, expected)
+
+
+def test_nat_pinned_docstrings():
+    # see gh-17327
+    assert NaT.ctime.__doc__ == Timestamp.ctime.__doc__
+
+
+def test_to_numpy_alias():
+    # GH 24653: alias .to_numpy() for scalars
+    expected = NaT.to_datetime64()
+    result = NaT.to_numpy()
+
+    assert isna(expected) and isna(result)
+
+    # GH#44460
+    result = NaT.to_numpy("M8[s]")
+    assert isinstance(result, np.datetime64)
+    assert result.dtype == "M8[s]"
+
+    result = NaT.to_numpy("m8[ns]")
+    assert isinstance(result, np.timedelta64)
+    assert result.dtype == "m8[ns]"
+
+    result = NaT.to_numpy("m8[s]")
+    assert isinstance(result, np.timedelta64)
+    assert result.dtype == "m8[s]"
+
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="NaT.to_numpy dtype must be a "):
+        NaT.to_numpy(np.int64)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "other",
+    [
+        Timedelta(0),
+        Timedelta(0).to_pytimedelta(),
+        pytest.param(
+            Timedelta(0).to_timedelta64(),
+            marks=pytest.mark.xfail(
+                not np_version_gte1p24p3,
+                reason="td64 doesn't return NotImplemented, see numpy#17017",
+            ),
+        ),
+        Timestamp(0),
+        Timestamp(0).to_pydatetime(),
+        pytest.param(
+            Timestamp(0).to_datetime64(),
+            marks=pytest.mark.xfail(
+                not np_version_gte1p24p3,
+                reason="dt64 doesn't return NotImplemented, see numpy#17017",
+            ),
+        ),
+        Timestamp(0).tz_localize("UTC"),
+        NaT,
+    ],
+)
+def test_nat_comparisons(compare_operators_no_eq_ne, other):
+    # GH 26039
+    opname = compare_operators_no_eq_ne
+
+    assert getattr(NaT, opname)(other) is False
+
+    op = getattr(operator, opname.strip("_"))
+    assert op(NaT, other) is False
+    assert op(other, NaT) is False
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("other", [np.timedelta64(0, "ns"), np.datetime64("now", "ns")])
+def test_nat_comparisons_numpy(other):
+    # Once numpy#17017 is fixed and the xfailed cases in test_nat_comparisons
+    #  pass, this test can be removed
+    assert not NaT == other
+    assert NaT != other
+    assert not NaT < other
+    assert not NaT > other
+    assert not NaT <= other
+    assert not NaT >= other
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("other_and_type", [("foo", "str"), (2, "int"), (2.0, "float")])
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "symbol_and_op",
+    [("<=", operator.le), ("<", operator.lt), (">=", operator.ge), (">", operator.gt)],
+)
+def test_nat_comparisons_invalid(other_and_type, symbol_and_op):
+    # GH#35585
+    other, other_type = other_and_type
+    symbol, op = symbol_and_op
+
+    assert not NaT == other
+    assert not other == NaT
+
+    assert NaT != other
+    assert other != NaT
+
+    msg = f"'{symbol}' not supported between instances of 'NaTType' and '{other_type}'"
+    with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+        op(NaT, other)
+
+    msg = f"'{symbol}' not supported between instances of '{other_type}' and 'NaTType'"
+    with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+        op(other, NaT)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "other",
+    [
+        np.array(["foo"] * 2, dtype=object),
+        np.array([2, 3], dtype="int64"),
+        np.array([2.0, 3.5], dtype="float64"),
+    ],
+    ids=["str", "int", "float"],
+)
+def test_nat_comparisons_invalid_ndarray(other):
+    # GH#40722
+    expected = np.array([False, False])
+    result = NaT == other
+    tm.assert_numpy_array_equal(result, expected)
+    result = other == NaT
+    tm.assert_numpy_array_equal(result, expected)
+
+    expected = np.array([True, True])
+    result = NaT != other
+    tm.assert_numpy_array_equal(result, expected)
+    result = other != NaT
+    tm.assert_numpy_array_equal(result, expected)
+
+    for symbol, op in [
+        ("<=", operator.le),
+        ("<", operator.lt),
+        (">=", operator.ge),
+        (">", operator.gt),
+    ]:
+        msg = f"'{symbol}' not supported between"
+
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+            op(NaT, other)
+
+        if other.dtype == np.dtype("object"):
+            # uses the reverse operator, so symbol changes
+            msg = None
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+            op(other, NaT)
+
+
+def test_compare_date(fixed_now_ts):
+    # GH#39151 comparing NaT with date object is deprecated
+    # See also: tests.scalar.timestamps.test_comparisons::test_compare_date
+
+    dt = fixed_now_ts.to_pydatetime().date()
+
+    msg = "Cannot compare NaT with datetime.date object"
+    for left, right in [(NaT, dt), (dt, NaT)]:
+        assert not left == right
+        assert left != right
+
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+            left < right
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+            left <= right
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+            left > right
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+            left >= right
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "obj",
+    [
+        offsets.YearEnd(2),
+        offsets.YearBegin(2),
+        offsets.MonthBegin(1),
+        offsets.MonthEnd(2),
+        offsets.MonthEnd(12),
+        offsets.Day(2),
+        offsets.Day(5),
+        offsets.Hour(24),
+        offsets.Hour(3),
+        offsets.Minute(),
+        np.timedelta64(3, "h"),
+        np.timedelta64(4, "h"),
+        np.timedelta64(3200, "s"),
+        np.timedelta64(3600, "s"),
+        np.timedelta64(3600 * 24, "s"),
+        np.timedelta64(2, "D"),
+        np.timedelta64(365, "D"),
+        timedelta(-2),
+        timedelta(365),
+        timedelta(minutes=120),
+        timedelta(days=4, minutes=180),
+        timedelta(hours=23),
+        timedelta(hours=23, minutes=30),
+        timedelta(hours=48),
+    ],
+)
+def test_nat_addsub_tdlike_scalar(obj):
+    assert NaT + obj is NaT
+    assert obj + NaT is NaT
+    assert NaT - obj is NaT
+
+
+def test_pickle():
+    # GH#4606
+    p = tm.round_trip_pickle(NaT)
+    assert p is NaT

AppDir/usr/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pandas/tests/scalar/timedelta/test_constructors.py

@@ -0,0 +1,532 @@
+from datetime import timedelta
+from itertools import product
+
+import numpy as np
+import pytest
+
+from pandas._libs.tslibs import OutOfBoundsTimedelta
+from pandas._libs.tslibs.dtypes import NpyDatetimeUnit
+
+from pandas import (
+    NaT,
+    Timedelta,
+    offsets,
+    to_timedelta,
+)
+
+
+def test_construct_with_weeks_unit_overflow():
+    # GH#47268 don't silently wrap around
+    with pytest.raises(OutOfBoundsTimedelta, match="without overflow"):
+        Timedelta(1000000000000000000, unit="W")
+
+    with pytest.raises(OutOfBoundsTimedelta, match="without overflow"):
+        Timedelta(1000000000000000000.0, unit="W")
+
+
+def test_construct_from_td64_with_unit():
+    # ignore the unit, as it may cause silently overflows leading to incorrect
+    #  results, and in non-overflow cases is irrelevant GH#46827
+    obj = np.timedelta64(123456789000000000, "h")
+
+    with pytest.raises(OutOfBoundsTimedelta, match="123456789000000000 hours"):
+        Timedelta(obj, unit="ps")
+
+    with pytest.raises(OutOfBoundsTimedelta, match="123456789000000000 hours"):
+        Timedelta(obj, unit="ns")
+
+    with pytest.raises(OutOfBoundsTimedelta, match="123456789000000000 hours"):
+        Timedelta(obj)
+
+
+def test_from_td64_retain_resolution():
+    # case where we retain millisecond resolution
+    obj = np.timedelta64(12345, "ms")
+
+    td = Timedelta(obj)
+    assert td._value == obj.view("i8")
+    assert td._creso == NpyDatetimeUnit.NPY_FR_ms.value
+
+    # Case where we cast to nearest-supported reso
+    obj2 = np.timedelta64(1234, "D")
+    td2 = Timedelta(obj2)
+    assert td2._creso == NpyDatetimeUnit.NPY_FR_s.value
+    assert td2 == obj2
+    assert td2.days == 1234
+
+    # Case that _would_ overflow if we didn't support non-nano
+    obj3 = np.timedelta64(1000000000000000000, "us")
+    td3 = Timedelta(obj3)
+    assert td3.total_seconds() == 1000000000000
+    assert td3._creso == NpyDatetimeUnit.NPY_FR_us.value
+
+
+def test_from_pytimedelta_us_reso():
+    # pytimedelta has microsecond resolution, so Timedelta(pytd) inherits that
+    td = timedelta(days=4, minutes=3)
+    result = Timedelta(td)
+    assert result.to_pytimedelta() == td
+    assert result._creso == NpyDatetimeUnit.NPY_FR_us.value
+
+
+def test_from_tick_reso():
+    tick = offsets.Nano()
+    assert Timedelta(tick)._creso == NpyDatetimeUnit.NPY_FR_ns.value
+
+    tick = offsets.Micro()
+    assert Timedelta(tick)._creso == NpyDatetimeUnit.NPY_FR_us.value
+
+    tick = offsets.Milli()
+    assert Timedelta(tick)._creso == NpyDatetimeUnit.NPY_FR_ms.value
+
+    tick = offsets.Second()
+    assert Timedelta(tick)._creso == NpyDatetimeUnit.NPY_FR_s.value
+
+    # everything above Second gets cast to the closest supported reso: second
+    tick = offsets.Minute()
+    assert Timedelta(tick)._creso == NpyDatetimeUnit.NPY_FR_s.value
+
+    tick = offsets.Hour()
+    assert Timedelta(tick)._creso == NpyDatetimeUnit.NPY_FR_s.value
+
+    tick = offsets.Day()
+    assert Timedelta(tick)._creso == NpyDatetimeUnit.NPY_FR_s.value
+
+
+def test_construction():
+    expected = np.timedelta64(10, "D").astype("m8[ns]").view("i8")
+    assert Timedelta(10, unit="d")._value == expected
+    assert Timedelta(10.0, unit="d")._value == expected
+    assert Timedelta("10 days")._value == expected
+    assert Timedelta(days=10)._value == expected
+    assert Timedelta(days=10.0)._value == expected
+
+    expected += np.timedelta64(10, "s").astype("m8[ns]").view("i8")
+    assert Timedelta("10 days 00:00:10")._value == expected
+    assert Timedelta(days=10, seconds=10)._value == expected
+    assert Timedelta(days=10, milliseconds=10 * 1000)._value == expected
+    assert Timedelta(days=10, microseconds=10 * 1000 * 1000)._value == expected
+
+    # rounding cases
+    assert Timedelta(82739999850000)._value == 82739999850000
+    assert "0 days 22:58:59.999850" in str(Timedelta(82739999850000))
+    assert Timedelta(123072001000000)._value == 123072001000000
+    assert "1 days 10:11:12.001" in str(Timedelta(123072001000000))
+
+    # string conversion with/without leading zero
+    # GH#9570
+    assert Timedelta("0:00:00") == timedelta(hours=0)
+    assert Timedelta("00:00:00") == timedelta(hours=0)
+    assert Timedelta("-1:00:00") == -timedelta(hours=1)
+    assert Timedelta("-01:00:00") == -timedelta(hours=1)
+
+    # more strings & abbrevs
+    # GH#8190
+    assert Timedelta("1 h") == timedelta(hours=1)
+    assert Timedelta("1 hour") == timedelta(hours=1)
+    assert Timedelta("1 hr") == timedelta(hours=1)
+    assert Timedelta("1 hours") == timedelta(hours=1)
+    assert Timedelta("-1 hours") == -timedelta(hours=1)
+    assert Timedelta("1 m") == timedelta(minutes=1)
+    assert Timedelta("1.5 m") == timedelta(seconds=90)
+    assert Timedelta("1 minute") == timedelta(minutes=1)
+    assert Timedelta("1 minutes") == timedelta(minutes=1)
+    assert Timedelta("1 s") == timedelta(seconds=1)
+    assert Timedelta("1 second") == timedelta(seconds=1)
+    assert Timedelta("1 seconds") == timedelta(seconds=1)
+    assert Timedelta("1 ms") == timedelta(milliseconds=1)
+    assert Timedelta("1 milli") == timedelta(milliseconds=1)
+    assert Timedelta("1 millisecond") == timedelta(milliseconds=1)
+    assert Timedelta("1 us") == timedelta(microseconds=1)
+    assert Timedelta("1 µs") == timedelta(microseconds=1)
+    assert Timedelta("1 micros") == timedelta(microseconds=1)
+    assert Timedelta("1 microsecond") == timedelta(microseconds=1)
+    assert Timedelta("1.5 microsecond") == Timedelta("00:00:00.000001500")
+    assert Timedelta("1 ns") == Timedelta("00:00:00.000000001")
+    assert Timedelta("1 nano") == Timedelta("00:00:00.000000001")
+    assert Timedelta("1 nanosecond") == Timedelta("00:00:00.000000001")
+
+    # combos
+    assert Timedelta("10 days 1 hour") == timedelta(days=10, hours=1)
+    assert Timedelta("10 days 1 h") == timedelta(days=10, hours=1)
+    assert Timedelta("10 days 1 h 1m 1s") == timedelta(
+        days=10, hours=1, minutes=1, seconds=1
+    )
+    assert Timedelta("-10 days 1 h 1m 1s") == -timedelta(
+        days=10, hours=1, minutes=1, seconds=1
+    )
+    assert Timedelta("-10 days 1 h 1m 1s") == -timedelta(
+        days=10, hours=1, minutes=1, seconds=1
+    )
+    assert Timedelta("-10 days 1 h 1m 1s 3us") == -timedelta(
+        days=10, hours=1, minutes=1, seconds=1, microseconds=3
+    )
+    assert Timedelta("-10 days 1 h 1.5m 1s 3us") == -timedelta(
+        days=10, hours=1, minutes=1, seconds=31, microseconds=3
+    )
+
+    # Currently invalid as it has a - on the hh:mm:dd part
+    # (only allowed on the days)
+    msg = "only leading negative signs are allowed"
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+        Timedelta("-10 days -1 h 1.5m 1s 3us")
+
+    # only leading neg signs are allowed
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+        Timedelta("10 days -1 h 1.5m 1s 3us")
+
+    # no units specified
+    msg = "no units specified"
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+        Timedelta("3.1415")
+
+    # invalid construction
+    msg = "cannot construct a Timedelta"
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+        Timedelta()
+
+    msg = "unit abbreviation w/o a number"
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+        Timedelta("foo")
+
+    msg = (
+        "cannot construct a Timedelta from "
+        "the passed arguments, allowed keywords are "
+    )
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+        Timedelta(day=10)
+
+    # floats
+    expected = np.timedelta64(10, "s").astype("m8[ns]").view("i8") + np.timedelta64(
+        500, "ms"
+    ).astype("m8[ns]").view("i8")
+    assert Timedelta(10.5, unit="s")._value == expected
+
+    # offset
+    assert to_timedelta(offsets.Hour(2)) == Timedelta(hours=2)
+    assert Timedelta(offsets.Hour(2)) == Timedelta(hours=2)
+    assert Timedelta(offsets.Second(2)) == Timedelta(seconds=2)
+
+    # GH#11995: unicode
+    expected = Timedelta("1H")
+    result = Timedelta("1H")
+    assert result == expected
+    assert to_timedelta(offsets.Hour(2)) == Timedelta("0 days, 02:00:00")
+
+    msg = "unit abbreviation w/o a number"
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+        Timedelta("foo bar")
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "item",
+    list(
+        {
+            "days": "D",
+            "seconds": "s",
+            "microseconds": "us",
+            "milliseconds": "ms",
+            "minutes": "m",
+            "hours": "h",
+            "weeks": "W",
+        }.items()
+    ),
+)
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "npdtype", [np.int64, np.int32, np.int16, np.float64, np.float32, np.float16]
+)
+def test_td_construction_with_np_dtypes(npdtype, item):
+    # GH#8757: test construction with np dtypes
+    pykwarg, npkwarg = item
+    expected = np.timedelta64(1, npkwarg).astype("m8[ns]").view("i8")
+    assert Timedelta(**{pykwarg: npdtype(1)})._value == expected
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "val",
+    [
+        "1s",
+        "-1s",
+        "1us",
+        "-1us",
+        "1 day",
+        "-1 day",
+        "-23:59:59.999999",
+        "-1 days +23:59:59.999999",
+        "-1ns",
+        "1ns",
+        "-23:59:59.999999999",
+    ],
+)
+def test_td_from_repr_roundtrip(val):
+    # round-trip both for string and value
+    td = Timedelta(val)
+    assert Timedelta(td._value) == td
+
+    assert Timedelta(str(td)) == td
+    assert Timedelta(td._repr_base(format="all")) == td
+    assert Timedelta(td._repr_base()) == td
+
+
+def test_overflow_on_construction():
+    # GH#3374
+    value = Timedelta("1day")._value * 20169940
+    msg = "Cannot cast 1742682816000000000000 from ns to 'ns' without overflow"
+    with pytest.raises(OutOfBoundsTimedelta, match=msg):
+        Timedelta(value)
+
+    # xref GH#17637
+    msg = "Cannot cast 139993 from D to 'ns' without overflow"
+    with pytest.raises(OutOfBoundsTimedelta, match=msg):
+        Timedelta(7 * 19999, unit="D")
+
+    # used to overflow before non-ns support
+    td = Timedelta(timedelta(days=13 * 19999))
+    assert td._creso == NpyDatetimeUnit.NPY_FR_us.value
+    assert td.days == 13 * 19999
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "val, unit",
+    [
+        (15251, "W"),  # 1
+        (106752, "D"),  # change from previous:
+        (2562048, "h"),  # 0 hours
+        (153722868, "m"),  # 13 minutes
+        (9223372037, "s"),  # 44 seconds
+    ],
+)
+def test_construction_out_of_bounds_td64ns(val, unit):
+    # TODO: parametrize over units just above/below the implementation bounds
+    #  once GH#38964 is resolved
+
+    # Timedelta.max is just under 106752 days
+    td64 = np.timedelta64(val, unit)
+    assert td64.astype("m8[ns]").view("i8") < 0  # i.e. naive astype will be wrong
+
+    td = Timedelta(td64)
+    if unit != "M":
+        # with unit="M" the conversion to "s" is poorly defined
+        #  (and numpy issues DeprecationWarning)
+        assert td.asm8 == td64
+    assert td.asm8.dtype == "m8[s]"
+    msg = r"Cannot cast 1067\d\d days .* to unit='ns' without overflow"
+    with pytest.raises(OutOfBoundsTimedelta, match=msg):
+        td.as_unit("ns")
+
+    # But just back in bounds and we are OK
+    assert Timedelta(td64 - 1) == td64 - 1
+
+    td64 *= -1
+    assert td64.astype("m8[ns]").view("i8") > 0  # i.e. naive astype will be wrong
+
+    td2 = Timedelta(td64)
+    msg = r"Cannot cast -1067\d\d days .* to unit='ns' without overflow"
+    with pytest.raises(OutOfBoundsTimedelta, match=msg):
+        td2.as_unit("ns")
+
+    # But just back in bounds and we are OK
+    assert Timedelta(td64 + 1) == td64 + 1
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "val, unit",
+    [
+        (15251 * 10**9, "W"),
+        (106752 * 10**9, "D"),
+        (2562048 * 10**9, "h"),
+        (153722868 * 10**9, "m"),
+    ],
+)
+def test_construction_out_of_bounds_td64s(val, unit):
+    td64 = np.timedelta64(val, unit)
+    with pytest.raises(OutOfBoundsTimedelta, match=str(td64)):
+        Timedelta(td64)
+
+    # But just back in bounds and we are OK
+    assert Timedelta(td64 - 10**9) == td64 - 10**9
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "fmt,exp",
+    [
+        (
+            "P6DT0H50M3.010010012S",
+            Timedelta(
+                days=6,
+                minutes=50,
+                seconds=3,
+                milliseconds=10,
+                microseconds=10,
+                nanoseconds=12,
+            ),
+        ),
+        (
+            "P-6DT0H50M3.010010012S",
+            Timedelta(
+                days=-6,
+                minutes=50,
+                seconds=3,
+                milliseconds=10,
+                microseconds=10,
+                nanoseconds=12,
+            ),
+        ),
+        ("P4DT12H30M5S", Timedelta(days=4, hours=12, minutes=30, seconds=5)),
+        ("P0DT0H0M0.000000123S", Timedelta(nanoseconds=123)),
+        ("P0DT0H0M0.00001S", Timedelta(microseconds=10)),
+        ("P0DT0H0M0.001S", Timedelta(milliseconds=1)),
+        ("P0DT0H1M0S", Timedelta(minutes=1)),
+        ("P1DT25H61M61S", Timedelta(days=1, hours=25, minutes=61, seconds=61)),
+        ("PT1S", Timedelta(seconds=1)),
+        ("PT0S", Timedelta(seconds=0)),
+        ("P1WT0S", Timedelta(days=7, seconds=0)),
+        ("P1D", Timedelta(days=1)),
+        ("P1DT1H", Timedelta(days=1, hours=1)),
+        ("P1W", Timedelta(days=7)),
+        ("PT300S", Timedelta(seconds=300)),
+        ("P1DT0H0M00000000000S", Timedelta(days=1)),
+        ("PT-6H3M", Timedelta(hours=-6, minutes=3)),
+        ("-PT6H3M", Timedelta(hours=-6, minutes=-3)),
+        ("-PT-6H+3M", Timedelta(hours=6, minutes=-3)),
+    ],
+)
+def test_iso_constructor(fmt, exp):
+    assert Timedelta(fmt) == exp
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "fmt",
+    [
+        "PPPPPPPPPPPP",
+        "PDTHMS",
+        "P0DT999H999M999S",
+        "P1DT0H0M0.0000000000000S",
+        "P1DT0H0M0.S",
+        "P",
+        "-P",
+    ],
+)
+def test_iso_constructor_raises(fmt):
+    msg = f"Invalid ISO 8601 Duration format - {fmt}"
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+        Timedelta(fmt)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "constructed_td, conversion",
+    [
+        (Timedelta(nanoseconds=100), "100ns"),
+        (
+            Timedelta(
+                days=1,
+                hours=1,
+                minutes=1,
+                weeks=1,
+                seconds=1,
+                milliseconds=1,
+                microseconds=1,
+                nanoseconds=1,
+            ),
+            694861001001001,
+        ),
+        (Timedelta(microseconds=1) + Timedelta(nanoseconds=1), "1us1ns"),
+        (Timedelta(microseconds=1) - Timedelta(nanoseconds=1), "999ns"),
+        (Timedelta(microseconds=1) + 5 * Timedelta(nanoseconds=-2), "990ns"),
+    ],
+)
+def test_td_constructor_on_nanoseconds(constructed_td, conversion):
+    # GH#9273
+    assert constructed_td == Timedelta(conversion)
+
+
+def test_td_constructor_value_error():
+    msg = "Invalid type <class 'str'>. Must be int or float."
+    with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+        Timedelta(nanoseconds="abc")
+
+
+def test_timedelta_constructor_identity():
+    # Test for #30543
+    expected = Timedelta(np.timedelta64(1, "s"))
+    result = Timedelta(expected)
+    assert result is expected
+
+
+def test_timedelta_pass_td_and_kwargs_raises():
+    # don't silently ignore the kwargs GH#48898
+    td = Timedelta(days=1)
+    msg = (
+        "Cannot pass both a Timedelta input and timedelta keyword arguments, "
+        r"got \['days'\]"
+    )
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+        Timedelta(td, days=2)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "constructor, value, unit, expectation",
+    [
+        (Timedelta, "10s", "ms", (ValueError, "unit must not be specified")),
+        (to_timedelta, "10s", "ms", (ValueError, "unit must not be specified")),
+        (to_timedelta, ["1", 2, 3], "s", (ValueError, "unit must not be specified")),
+    ],
+)
+def test_string_with_unit(constructor, value, unit, expectation):
+    exp, match = expectation
+    with pytest.raises(exp, match=match):
+        _ = constructor(value, unit=unit)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "value",
+    [
+        "".join(elements)
+        for repetition in (1, 2)
+        for elements in product("+-, ", repeat=repetition)
+    ],
+)
+def test_string_without_numbers(value):
+    # GH39710 Timedelta input string with only symbols and no digits raises an error
+    msg = (
+        "symbols w/o a number"
+        if value != "--"
+        else "only leading negative signs are allowed"
+    )
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+        Timedelta(value)
+
+
+def test_timedelta_new_npnat():
+    # GH#48898
+    nat = np.timedelta64("NaT", "h")
+    assert Timedelta(nat) is NaT
+
+
+def test_subclass_respected():
+    # GH#49579
+    class MyCustomTimedelta(Timedelta):
+        pass
+
+    td = MyCustomTimedelta("1 minute")
+    assert isinstance(td, MyCustomTimedelta)
+
+
+def test_non_nano_value():
+    # https://github.com/pandas-dev/pandas/issues/49076
+    result = Timedelta(10, unit="D").as_unit("s").value
+    # `.value` shows nanoseconds, even though unit is 's'
+    assert result == 864000000000000
+
+    # out-of-nanoseconds-bounds `.value` raises informative message
+    msg = (
+        r"Cannot convert Timedelta to nanoseconds without overflow. "
+        r"Use `.asm8.view\('i8'\)` to cast represent Timedelta in its "
+        r"own unit \(here, s\).$"
+    )
+    td = Timedelta(1_000, "D").as_unit("s") * 1_000
+    with pytest.raises(OverflowError, match=msg):
+        td.value
+    # check that the suggested workaround actually works
+    result = td.asm8.view("i8")
+    assert result == 86400000000

AppDir/usr/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pandas/tests/scalar/timedelta/test_formats.py

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+import pytest
+
+from pandas import Timedelta
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "td, expected_repr",
+    [
+        (Timedelta(10, unit="d"), "Timedelta('10 days 00:00:00')"),
+        (Timedelta(10, unit="s"), "Timedelta('0 days 00:00:10')"),
+        (Timedelta(10, unit="ms"), "Timedelta('0 days 00:00:00.010000')"),
+        (Timedelta(-10, unit="ms"), "Timedelta('-1 days +23:59:59.990000')"),
+    ],
+)
+def test_repr(td, expected_repr):
+    assert repr(td) == expected_repr
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "td, expected_iso",
+    [
+        (
+            Timedelta(
+                days=6,
+                minutes=50,
+                seconds=3,
+                milliseconds=10,
+                microseconds=10,
+                nanoseconds=12,
+            ),
+            "P6DT0H50M3.010010012S",
+        ),
+        (Timedelta(days=4, hours=12, minutes=30, seconds=5), "P4DT12H30M5S"),
+        (Timedelta(nanoseconds=123), "P0DT0H0M0.000000123S"),
+        # trim nano
+        (Timedelta(microseconds=10), "P0DT0H0M0.00001S"),
+        # trim micro
+        (Timedelta(milliseconds=1), "P0DT0H0M0.001S"),
+        # don't strip every 0
+        (Timedelta(minutes=1), "P0DT0H1M0S"),
+    ],
+)
+def test_isoformat(td, expected_iso):
+    assert td.isoformat() == expected_iso

AppDir/usr/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pandas/tests/scalar/timestamp/test_arithmetic.py

@@ -0,0 +1,295 @@
+from datetime import (
+    datetime,
+    timedelta,
+    timezone,
+)
+
+import numpy as np
+import pytest
+
+from pandas._libs.tslibs import (
+    OutOfBoundsDatetime,
+    OutOfBoundsTimedelta,
+    Timedelta,
+    Timestamp,
+    offsets,
+    to_offset,
+)
+
+import pandas._testing as tm
+
+
+class TestTimestampArithmetic:
+    def test_overflow_offset(self):
+        # no overflow expected
+
+        stamp = Timestamp("2000/1/1")
+        offset_no_overflow = to_offset("D") * 100
+
+        expected = Timestamp("2000/04/10")
+        assert stamp + offset_no_overflow == expected
+
+        assert offset_no_overflow + stamp == expected
+
+        expected = Timestamp("1999/09/23")
+        assert stamp - offset_no_overflow == expected
+
+    def test_overflow_offset_raises(self):
+        # xref https://github.com/statsmodels/statsmodels/issues/3374
+        # ends up multiplying really large numbers which overflow
+
+        stamp = Timestamp("2017-01-13 00:00:00").as_unit("ns")
+        offset_overflow = 20169940 * offsets.Day(1)
+        msg = (
+            "the add operation between "
+            r"\<-?\d+ \* Days\> and \d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2} \d{2}:\d{2}:\d{2} "
+            "will overflow"
+        )
+        lmsg2 = r"Cannot cast -?20169940 days \+?00:00:00 to unit='ns' without overflow"
+
+        with pytest.raises(OutOfBoundsTimedelta, match=lmsg2):
+            stamp + offset_overflow
+
+        with pytest.raises(OverflowError, match=msg):
+            offset_overflow + stamp
+
+        with pytest.raises(OutOfBoundsTimedelta, match=lmsg2):
+            stamp - offset_overflow
+
+        # xref https://github.com/pandas-dev/pandas/issues/14080
+        # used to crash, so check for proper overflow exception
+
+        stamp = Timestamp("2000/1/1").as_unit("ns")
+        offset_overflow = to_offset("D") * 100**5
+
+        lmsg3 = (
+            r"Cannot cast -?10000000000 days \+?00:00:00 to unit='ns' without overflow"
+        )
+        with pytest.raises(OutOfBoundsTimedelta, match=lmsg3):
+            stamp + offset_overflow
+
+        with pytest.raises(OverflowError, match=msg):
+            offset_overflow + stamp
+
+        with pytest.raises(OutOfBoundsTimedelta, match=lmsg3):
+            stamp - offset_overflow
+
+    def test_overflow_timestamp_raises(self):
+        # https://github.com/pandas-dev/pandas/issues/31774
+        msg = "Result is too large"
+        a = Timestamp("2101-01-01 00:00:00").as_unit("ns")
+        b = Timestamp("1688-01-01 00:00:00").as_unit("ns")
+
+        with pytest.raises(OutOfBoundsDatetime, match=msg):
+            a - b
+
+        # but we're OK for timestamp and datetime.datetime
+        assert (a - b.to_pydatetime()) == (a.to_pydatetime() - b)
+
+    def test_delta_preserve_nanos(self):
+        val = Timestamp(1337299200000000123)
+        result = val + timedelta(1)
+        assert result.nanosecond == val.nanosecond
+
+    def test_rsub_dtscalars(self, tz_naive_fixture):
+        # In particular, check that datetime64 - Timestamp works GH#28286
+        td = Timedelta(1235345642000)
+        ts = Timestamp("2021-01-01", tz=tz_naive_fixture)
+        other = ts + td
+
+        assert other - ts == td
+        assert other.to_pydatetime() - ts == td
+        if tz_naive_fixture is None:
+            assert other.to_datetime64() - ts == td
+        else:
+            msg = "Cannot subtract tz-naive and tz-aware datetime-like objects"
+            with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+                other.to_datetime64() - ts
+
+    def test_timestamp_sub_datetime(self):
+        dt = datetime(2013, 10, 12)
+        ts = Timestamp(datetime(2013, 10, 13))
+        assert (ts - dt).days == 1
+        assert (dt - ts).days == -1
+
+    def test_subtract_tzaware_datetime(self):
+        t1 = Timestamp("2020-10-22T22:00:00+00:00")
+        t2 = datetime(2020, 10, 22, 22, tzinfo=timezone.utc)
+
+        result = t1 - t2
+
+        assert isinstance(result, Timedelta)
+        assert result == Timedelta("0 days")
+
+    def test_subtract_timestamp_from_different_timezone(self):
+        t1 = Timestamp("20130101").tz_localize("US/Eastern")
+        t2 = Timestamp("20130101").tz_localize("CET")
+
+        result = t1 - t2
+
+        assert isinstance(result, Timedelta)
+        assert result == Timedelta("0 days 06:00:00")
+
+    def test_subtracting_involving_datetime_with_different_tz(self):
+        t1 = datetime(2013, 1, 1, tzinfo=timezone(timedelta(hours=-5)))
+        t2 = Timestamp("20130101").tz_localize("CET")
+
+        result = t1 - t2
+
+        assert isinstance(result, Timedelta)
+        assert result == Timedelta("0 days 06:00:00")
+
+        result = t2 - t1
+        assert isinstance(result, Timedelta)
+        assert result == Timedelta("-1 days +18:00:00")
+
+    def test_subtracting_different_timezones(self, tz_aware_fixture):
+        t_raw = Timestamp("20130101")
+        t_UTC = t_raw.tz_localize("UTC")
+        t_diff = t_UTC.tz_convert(tz_aware_fixture) + Timedelta("0 days 05:00:00")
+
+        result = t_diff - t_UTC
+
+        assert isinstance(result, Timedelta)
+        assert result == Timedelta("0 days 05:00:00")
+
+    def test_addition_subtraction_types(self):
+        # Assert on the types resulting from Timestamp +/- various date/time
+        # objects
+        dt = datetime(2014, 3, 4)
+        td = timedelta(seconds=1)
+        ts = Timestamp(dt)
+
+        msg = "Addition/subtraction of integers"
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+            # GH#22535 add/sub with integers is deprecated
+            ts + 1
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+            ts - 1
+
+        # Timestamp + datetime not supported, though subtraction is supported
+        # and yields timedelta more tests in tseries/base/tests/test_base.py
+        assert type(ts - dt) == Timedelta
+        assert type(ts + td) == Timestamp
+        assert type(ts - td) == Timestamp
+
+        # Timestamp +/- datetime64 not supported, so not tested (could possibly
+        # assert error raised?)
+        td64 = np.timedelta64(1, "D")
+        assert type(ts + td64) == Timestamp
+        assert type(ts - td64) == Timestamp
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "td", [Timedelta(hours=3), np.timedelta64(3, "h"), timedelta(hours=3)]
+    )
+    def test_radd_tdscalar(self, td, fixed_now_ts):
+        # GH#24775 timedelta64+Timestamp should not raise
+        ts = fixed_now_ts
+        assert td + ts == ts + td
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "other,expected_difference",
+        [
+            (np.timedelta64(-123, "ns"), -123),
+            (np.timedelta64(1234567898, "ns"), 1234567898),
+            (np.timedelta64(-123, "us"), -123000),
+            (np.timedelta64(-123, "ms"), -123000000),
+        ],
+    )
+    def test_timestamp_add_timedelta64_unit(self, other, expected_difference):
+        now = datetime.now(timezone.utc)
+        ts = Timestamp(now).as_unit("ns")
+        result = ts + other
+        valdiff = result._value - ts._value
+        assert valdiff == expected_difference
+
+        ts2 = Timestamp(now)
+        assert ts2 + other == result
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "ts",
+        [
+            Timestamp("1776-07-04"),
+            Timestamp("1776-07-04", tz="UTC"),
+        ],
+    )
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "other",
+        [
+            1,
+            np.int64(1),
+            np.array([1, 2], dtype=np.int32),
+            np.array([3, 4], dtype=np.uint64),
+        ],
+    )
+    def test_add_int_with_freq(self, ts, other):
+        msg = "Addition/subtraction of integers and integer-arrays"
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+            ts + other
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+            other + ts
+
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+            ts - other
+
+        msg = "unsupported operand type"
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+            other - ts
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("shape", [(6,), (2, 3)])
+    def test_addsub_m8ndarray(self, shape):
+        # GH#33296
+        ts = Timestamp("2020-04-04 15:45").as_unit("ns")
+        other = np.arange(6).astype("m8[h]").reshape(shape)
+
+        result = ts + other
+
+        ex_stamps = [ts + Timedelta(hours=n) for n in range(6)]
+        expected = np.array([x.asm8 for x in ex_stamps], dtype="M8[ns]").reshape(shape)
+        tm.assert_numpy_array_equal(result, expected)
+
+        result = other + ts
+        tm.assert_numpy_array_equal(result, expected)
+
+        result = ts - other
+        ex_stamps = [ts - Timedelta(hours=n) for n in range(6)]
+        expected = np.array([x.asm8 for x in ex_stamps], dtype="M8[ns]").reshape(shape)
+        tm.assert_numpy_array_equal(result, expected)
+
+        msg = r"unsupported operand type\(s\) for -: 'numpy.ndarray' and 'Timestamp'"
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+            other - ts
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("shape", [(6,), (2, 3)])
+    def test_addsub_m8ndarray_tzaware(self, shape):
+        # GH#33296
+        ts = Timestamp("2020-04-04 15:45", tz="US/Pacific")
+
+        other = np.arange(6).astype("m8[h]").reshape(shape)
+
+        result = ts + other
+
+        ex_stamps = [ts + Timedelta(hours=n) for n in range(6)]
+        expected = np.array(ex_stamps).reshape(shape)
+        tm.assert_numpy_array_equal(result, expected)
+
+        result = other + ts
+        tm.assert_numpy_array_equal(result, expected)
+
+        result = ts - other
+        ex_stamps = [ts - Timedelta(hours=n) for n in range(6)]
+        expected = np.array(ex_stamps).reshape(shape)
+        tm.assert_numpy_array_equal(result, expected)
+
+        msg = r"unsupported operand type\(s\) for -: 'numpy.ndarray' and 'Timestamp'"
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+            other - ts
+
+    def test_subtract_different_utc_objects(self, utc_fixture, utc_fixture2):
+        # GH 32619
+        dt = datetime(2021, 1, 1)
+        ts1 = Timestamp(dt, tz=utc_fixture)
+        ts2 = Timestamp(dt, tz=utc_fixture2)
+        result = ts1 - ts2
+        expected = Timedelta(0)
+        assert result == expected

AppDir/usr/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pandas/tests/scalar/timestamp/test_comparisons.py

@@ -0,0 +1,313 @@
+from datetime import (
+    datetime,
+    timedelta,
+)
+import operator
+
+import numpy as np
+import pytest
+
+from pandas import Timestamp
+import pandas._testing as tm
+
+
+class TestTimestampComparison:
+    def test_compare_non_nano_dt64(self):
+        # don't raise when converting dt64 to Timestamp in __richcmp__
+        dt = np.datetime64("1066-10-14")
+        ts = Timestamp(dt)
+
+        assert dt == ts
+
+    def test_comparison_dt64_ndarray(self):
+        ts = Timestamp("2021-01-01")
+        ts2 = Timestamp("2019-04-05")
+        arr = np.array([[ts.asm8, ts2.asm8]], dtype="M8[ns]")
+
+        result = ts == arr
+        expected = np.array([[True, False]], dtype=bool)
+        tm.assert_numpy_array_equal(result, expected)
+
+        result = arr == ts
+        tm.assert_numpy_array_equal(result, expected)
+
+        result = ts != arr
+        tm.assert_numpy_array_equal(result, ~expected)
+
+        result = arr != ts
+        tm.assert_numpy_array_equal(result, ~expected)
+
+        result = ts2 < arr
+        tm.assert_numpy_array_equal(result, expected)
+
+        result = arr < ts2
+        tm.assert_numpy_array_equal(result, np.array([[False, False]], dtype=bool))
+
+        result = ts2 <= arr
+        tm.assert_numpy_array_equal(result, np.array([[True, True]], dtype=bool))
+
+        result = arr <= ts2
+        tm.assert_numpy_array_equal(result, ~expected)
+
+        result = ts >= arr
+        tm.assert_numpy_array_equal(result, np.array([[True, True]], dtype=bool))
+
+        result = arr >= ts
+        tm.assert_numpy_array_equal(result, np.array([[True, False]], dtype=bool))
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("reverse", [True, False])
+    def test_comparison_dt64_ndarray_tzaware(self, reverse, comparison_op):
+        ts = Timestamp("2021-01-01 00:00:00.00000", tz="UTC")
+        arr = np.array([ts.asm8, ts.asm8], dtype="M8[ns]")
+
+        left, right = ts, arr
+        if reverse:
+            left, right = arr, ts
+
+        if comparison_op is operator.eq:
+            expected = np.array([False, False], dtype=bool)
+            result = comparison_op(left, right)
+            tm.assert_numpy_array_equal(result, expected)
+        elif comparison_op is operator.ne:
+            expected = np.array([True, True], dtype=bool)
+            result = comparison_op(left, right)
+            tm.assert_numpy_array_equal(result, expected)
+        else:
+            msg = "Cannot compare tz-naive and tz-aware timestamps"
+            with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+                comparison_op(left, right)
+
+    def test_comparison_object_array(self):
+        # GH#15183
+        ts = Timestamp("2011-01-03 00:00:00-0500", tz="US/Eastern")
+        other = Timestamp("2011-01-01 00:00:00-0500", tz="US/Eastern")
+        naive = Timestamp("2011-01-01 00:00:00")
+
+        arr = np.array([other, ts], dtype=object)
+        res = arr == ts
+        expected = np.array([False, True], dtype=bool)
+        assert (res == expected).all()
+
+        # 2D case
+        arr = np.array([[other, ts], [ts, other]], dtype=object)
+        res = arr != ts
+        expected = np.array([[True, False], [False, True]], dtype=bool)
+        assert res.shape == expected.shape
+        assert (res == expected).all()
+
+        # tzaware mismatch
+        arr = np.array([naive], dtype=object)
+        msg = "Cannot compare tz-naive and tz-aware timestamps"
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+            arr < ts
+
+    def test_comparison(self):
+        # 5-18-2012 00:00:00.000
+        stamp = 1337299200000000000
+
+        val = Timestamp(stamp)
+
+        assert val == val
+        assert not val != val
+        assert not val < val
+        assert val <= val
+        assert not val > val
+        assert val >= val
+
+        other = datetime(2012, 5, 18)
+        assert val == other
+        assert not val != other
+        assert not val < other
+        assert val <= other
+        assert not val > other
+        assert val >= other
+
+        other = Timestamp(stamp + 100)
+
+        assert val != other
+        assert val != other
+        assert val < other
+        assert val <= other
+        assert other > val
+        assert other >= val
+
+    def test_compare_invalid(self):
+        # GH#8058
+        val = Timestamp("20130101 12:01:02")
+        assert not val == "foo"
+        assert not val == 10.0
+        assert not val == 1
+        assert not val == []
+        assert not val == {"foo": 1}
+        assert not val == np.float64(1)
+        assert not val == np.int64(1)
+
+        assert val != "foo"
+        assert val != 10.0
+        assert val != 1
+        assert val != []
+        assert val != {"foo": 1}
+        assert val != np.float64(1)
+        assert val != np.int64(1)
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("tz", [None, "US/Pacific"])
+    def test_compare_date(self, tz):
+        # GH#36131 comparing Timestamp with date object is deprecated
+        ts = Timestamp("2021-01-01 00:00:00.00000", tz=tz)
+        dt = ts.to_pydatetime().date()
+        # in 2.0 we disallow comparing pydate objects with Timestamps,
+        #  following the stdlib datetime behavior.
+
+        msg = "Cannot compare Timestamp with datetime.date"
+        for left, right in [(ts, dt), (dt, ts)]:
+            assert not left == right
+            assert left != right
+
+            with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+                left < right
+            with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+                left <= right
+            with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+                left > right
+            with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+                left >= right
+
+    def test_cant_compare_tz_naive_w_aware(self, utc_fixture):
+        # see GH#1404
+        a = Timestamp("3/12/2012")
+        b = Timestamp("3/12/2012", tz=utc_fixture)
+
+        msg = "Cannot compare tz-naive and tz-aware timestamps"
+        assert not a == b
+        assert a != b
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+            a < b
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+            a <= b
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+            a > b
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+            a >= b
+
+        assert not b == a
+        assert b != a
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+            b < a
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+            b <= a
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+            b > a
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+            b >= a
+
+        assert not a == b.to_pydatetime()
+        assert not a.to_pydatetime() == b
+
+    def test_timestamp_compare_scalars(self):
+        # case where ndim == 0
+        lhs = np.datetime64(datetime(2013, 12, 6))
+        rhs = Timestamp("now")
+        nat = Timestamp("nat")
+
+        ops = {"gt": "lt", "lt": "gt", "ge": "le", "le": "ge", "eq": "eq", "ne": "ne"}
+
+        for left, right in ops.items():
+            left_f = getattr(operator, left)
+            right_f = getattr(operator, right)
+            expected = left_f(lhs, rhs)
+
+            result = right_f(rhs, lhs)
+            assert result == expected
+
+            expected = left_f(rhs, nat)
+            result = right_f(nat, rhs)
+            assert result == expected
+
+    def test_timestamp_compare_with_early_datetime(self):
+        # e.g. datetime.min
+        stamp = Timestamp("2012-01-01")
+
+        assert not stamp == datetime.min
+        assert not stamp == datetime(1600, 1, 1)
+        assert not stamp == datetime(2700, 1, 1)
+        assert stamp != datetime.min
+        assert stamp != datetime(1600, 1, 1)
+        assert stamp != datetime(2700, 1, 1)
+        assert stamp > datetime(1600, 1, 1)
+        assert stamp >= datetime(1600, 1, 1)
+        assert stamp < datetime(2700, 1, 1)
+        assert stamp <= datetime(2700, 1, 1)
+
+        other = Timestamp.min.to_pydatetime(warn=False)
+        assert other - timedelta(microseconds=1) < Timestamp.min
+
+    def test_timestamp_compare_oob_dt64(self):
+        us = np.timedelta64(1, "us")
+        other = np.datetime64(Timestamp.min).astype("M8[us]")
+
+        # This may change if the implementation bound is dropped to match
+        #  DatetimeArray/DatetimeIndex GH#24124
+        assert Timestamp.min > other
+        # Note: numpy gets the reversed comparison wrong
+
+        other = np.datetime64(Timestamp.max).astype("M8[us]")
+        assert Timestamp.max > other  # not actually OOB
+        assert other < Timestamp.max
+
+        assert Timestamp.max < other + us
+        # Note: numpy gets the reversed comparison wrong
+
+        # GH-42794
+        other = datetime(9999, 9, 9)
+        assert Timestamp.min < other
+        assert other > Timestamp.min
+        assert Timestamp.max < other
+        assert other > Timestamp.max
+
+        other = datetime(1, 1, 1)
+        assert Timestamp.max > other
+        assert other < Timestamp.max
+        assert Timestamp.min > other
+        assert other < Timestamp.min
+
+    def test_compare_zerodim_array(self, fixed_now_ts):
+        # GH#26916
+        ts = fixed_now_ts
+        dt64 = np.datetime64("2016-01-01", "ns")
+        arr = np.array(dt64)
+        assert arr.ndim == 0
+
+        result = arr < ts
+        assert result is np.bool_(True)
+        result = arr > ts
+        assert result is np.bool_(False)
+
+
+def test_rich_comparison_with_unsupported_type():
+    # Comparisons with unsupported objects should return NotImplemented
+    # (it previously raised TypeError, see #24011)
+
+    class Inf:
+        def __lt__(self, o):
+            return False
+
+        def __le__(self, o):
+            return isinstance(o, Inf)
+
+        def __gt__(self, o):
+            return not isinstance(o, Inf)
+
+        def __ge__(self, o):
+            return True
+
+        def __eq__(self, other) -> bool:
+            return isinstance(other, Inf)
+
+    inf = Inf()
+    timestamp = Timestamp("2018-11-30")
+
+    for left, right in [(inf, timestamp), (timestamp, inf)]:
+        assert left > right or left < right
+        assert left >= right or left <= right
+        assert not left == right  # pylint: disable=unneeded-not
+        assert left != right

AppDir/usr/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pandas/tests/scalar/timestamp/test_constructors.py

@@ -0,0 +1,910 @@
+import calendar
+from datetime import (
+    date,
+    datetime,
+    timedelta,
+    timezone,
+)
+import zoneinfo
+
+import dateutil.tz
+from dateutil.tz import tzutc
+import numpy as np
+import pytest
+import pytz
+
+from pandas._libs.tslibs.dtypes import NpyDatetimeUnit
+from pandas.compat import PY310
+from pandas.errors import OutOfBoundsDatetime
+
+from pandas import (
+    NA,
+    NaT,
+    Period,
+    Timedelta,
+    Timestamp,
+)
+
+
+class TestTimestampConstructors:
+    def test_construct_from_time_unit(self):
+        # GH#54097 only passing a time component, no date
+        ts = Timestamp("01:01:01.111")
+        assert ts.unit == "ms"
+
+    def test_weekday_but_no_day_raises(self):
+        # GH#52659
+        msg = "Parsing datetimes with weekday but no day information is not supported"
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+            Timestamp("2023 Sept Thu")
+
+    def test_construct_from_string_invalid_raises(self):
+        # dateutil (weirdly) parses "200622-12-31" as
+        #  datetime(2022, 6, 20, 12, 0, tzinfo=tzoffset(None, -111600)
+        #  which besides being mis-parsed, is a tzoffset that will cause
+        #  str(ts) to raise ValueError.  Ensure we raise in the constructor
+        #  instead.
+        # see test_to_datetime_malformed_raise for analogous to_datetime test
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="gives an invalid tzoffset"):
+            Timestamp("200622-12-31")
+
+    def test_constructor_str_infer_reso(self):
+        # non-iso8601 path
+
+        # _parse_delimited_date path
+        ts = Timestamp("01/30/2023")
+        assert ts.unit == "s"
+
+        # _parse_dateabbr_string path
+        ts = Timestamp("2015Q1")
+        assert ts.unit == "s"
+
+        # dateutil_parse path
+        ts = Timestamp("2016-01-01 1:30:01 PM")
+        assert ts.unit == "s"
+
+        ts = Timestamp("2016 June 3 15:25:01.345")
+        assert ts.unit == "ms"
+
+        ts = Timestamp("300-01-01")
+        assert ts.unit == "s"
+
+        ts = Timestamp("300 June 1:30:01.300")
+        assert ts.unit == "ms"
+
+    def test_constructor_from_iso8601_str_with_offset_reso(self):
+        # GH#49737
+        ts = Timestamp("2016-01-01 04:05:06-01:00")
+        assert ts.unit == "s"
+
+        ts = Timestamp("2016-01-01 04:05:06.000-01:00")
+        assert ts.unit == "ms"
+
+        ts = Timestamp("2016-01-01 04:05:06.000000-01:00")
+        assert ts.unit == "us"
+
+        ts = Timestamp("2016-01-01 04:05:06.000000001-01:00")
+        assert ts.unit == "ns"
+
+    def test_constructor_from_date_second_reso(self):
+        # GH#49034 constructing from a pydate object gets lowest supported
+        #  reso, i.e. seconds
+        obj = date(2012, 9, 1)
+        ts = Timestamp(obj)
+        assert ts.unit == "s"
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("typ", [int, float])
+    def test_construct_from_int_float_with_unit_out_of_bound_raises(self, typ):
+        # GH#50870  make sure we get a OutOfBoundsDatetime instead of OverflowError
+        val = typ(150000000000000)
+
+        msg = f"cannot convert input {val} with the unit 'D'"
+        with pytest.raises(OutOfBoundsDatetime, match=msg):
+            Timestamp(val, unit="D")
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("typ", [int, float])
+    def test_constructor_int_float_with_YM_unit(self, typ):
+        # GH#47266 avoid the conversions in cast_from_unit
+        val = typ(150)
+
+        ts = Timestamp(val, unit="Y")
+        expected = Timestamp("2120-01-01")
+        assert ts == expected
+
+        ts = Timestamp(val, unit="M")
+        expected = Timestamp("1982-07-01")
+        assert ts == expected
+
+    def test_constructor_float_not_round_with_YM_unit_deprecated(self):
+        # GH#47267 avoid the conversions in cast_from-unit
+
+        msg = "Conversion of non-round float with unit=[MY] is ambiguous"
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+            Timestamp(150.5, unit="Y")
+
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+            Timestamp(150.5, unit="M")
+
+    def test_constructor_datetime64_with_tz(self):
+        # GH#42288, GH#24559
+        dt = np.datetime64("1970-01-01 05:00:00")
+        tzstr = "UTC+05:00"
+
+        # pre-2.0 this interpreted dt as a UTC time. in 2.0 this is treated
+        #  as a wall-time, consistent with DatetimeIndex behavior
+        ts = Timestamp(dt, tz=tzstr)
+
+        alt = Timestamp(dt).tz_localize(tzstr)
+        assert ts == alt
+        assert ts.hour == 5
+
+    def test_constructor(self):
+        base_str = "2014-07-01 09:00"
+        base_dt = datetime(2014, 7, 1, 9)
+        base_expected = 1_404_205_200_000_000_000
+
+        # confirm base representation is correct
+        assert calendar.timegm(base_dt.timetuple()) * 1_000_000_000 == base_expected
+
+        tests = [
+            (base_str, base_dt, base_expected),
+            (
+                "2014-07-01 10:00",
+                datetime(2014, 7, 1, 10),
+                base_expected + 3600 * 1_000_000_000,
+            ),
+            (
+                "2014-07-01 09:00:00.000008000",
+                datetime(2014, 7, 1, 9, 0, 0, 8),
+                base_expected + 8000,
+            ),
+            (
+                "2014-07-01 09:00:00.000000005",
+                Timestamp("2014-07-01 09:00:00.000000005"),
+                base_expected + 5,
+            ),
+        ]
+
+        timezones = [
+            (None, 0),
+            ("UTC", 0),
+            (pytz.utc, 0),
+            ("Asia/Tokyo", 9),
+            ("US/Eastern", -4),
+            ("dateutil/US/Pacific", -7),
+            (pytz.FixedOffset(-180), -3),
+            (dateutil.tz.tzoffset(None, 18000), 5),
+        ]
+
+        for date_str, date_obj, expected in tests:
+            for result in [Timestamp(date_str), Timestamp(date_obj)]:
+                result = result.as_unit("ns")  # test originally written before non-nano
+                # only with timestring
+                assert result.as_unit("ns")._value == expected
+
+                # re-creation shouldn't affect to internal value
+                result = Timestamp(result)
+                assert result.as_unit("ns")._value == expected
+
+            # with timezone
+            for tz, offset in timezones:
+                for result in [Timestamp(date_str, tz=tz), Timestamp(date_obj, tz=tz)]:
+                    result = result.as_unit(
+                        "ns"
+                    )  # test originally written before non-nano
+                    expected_tz = expected - offset * 3600 * 1_000_000_000
+                    assert result.as_unit("ns")._value == expected_tz
+
+                    # should preserve tz
+                    result = Timestamp(result)
+                    assert result.as_unit("ns")._value == expected_tz
+
+                    # should convert to UTC
+                    if tz is not None:
+                        result = Timestamp(result).tz_convert("UTC")
+                    else:
+                        result = Timestamp(result, tz="UTC")
+                    expected_utc = expected - offset * 3600 * 1_000_000_000
+                    assert result.as_unit("ns")._value == expected_utc
+
+    def test_constructor_with_stringoffset(self):
+        # GH 7833
+        base_str = "2014-07-01 11:00:00+02:00"
+        base_dt = datetime(2014, 7, 1, 9)
+        base_expected = 1_404_205_200_000_000_000
+
+        # confirm base representation is correct
+        assert calendar.timegm(base_dt.timetuple()) * 1_000_000_000 == base_expected
+
+        tests = [
+            (base_str, base_expected),
+            ("2014-07-01 12:00:00+02:00", base_expected + 3600 * 1_000_000_000),
+            ("2014-07-01 11:00:00.000008000+02:00", base_expected + 8000),
+            ("2014-07-01 11:00:00.000000005+02:00", base_expected + 5),
+        ]
+
+        timezones = [
+            (None, 0),
+            ("UTC", 0),
+            (pytz.utc, 0),
+            ("Asia/Tokyo", 9),
+            ("US/Eastern", -4),
+            ("dateutil/US/Pacific", -7),
+            (pytz.FixedOffset(-180), -3),
+            (dateutil.tz.tzoffset(None, 18000), 5),
+        ]
+
+        for date_str, expected in tests:
+            for result in [Timestamp(date_str)]:
+                # only with timestring
+                assert result.as_unit("ns")._value == expected
+
+                # re-creation shouldn't affect to internal value
+                result = Timestamp(result)
+                assert result.as_unit("ns")._value == expected
+
+            # with timezone
+            for tz, offset in timezones:
+                result = Timestamp(date_str, tz=tz)
+                expected_tz = expected
+                assert result.as_unit("ns")._value == expected_tz
+
+                # should preserve tz
+                result = Timestamp(result)
+                assert result.as_unit("ns")._value == expected_tz
+
+                # should convert to UTC
+                result = Timestamp(result).tz_convert("UTC")
+                expected_utc = expected
+                assert result.as_unit("ns")._value == expected_utc
+
+        # This should be 2013-11-01 05:00 in UTC
+        # converted to Chicago tz
+        result = Timestamp("2013-11-01 00:00:00-0500", tz="America/Chicago")
+        assert result._value == Timestamp("2013-11-01 05:00")._value
+        expected = "Timestamp('2013-11-01 00:00:00-0500', tz='America/Chicago')"
+        assert repr(result) == expected
+        assert result == eval(repr(result))
+
+        # This should be 2013-11-01 05:00 in UTC
+        # converted to Tokyo tz (+09:00)
+        result = Timestamp("2013-11-01 00:00:00-0500", tz="Asia/Tokyo")
+        assert result._value == Timestamp("2013-11-01 05:00")._value
+        expected = "Timestamp('2013-11-01 14:00:00+0900', tz='Asia/Tokyo')"
+        assert repr(result) == expected
+        assert result == eval(repr(result))
+
+        # GH11708
+        # This should be 2015-11-18 10:00 in UTC
+        # converted to Asia/Katmandu
+        result = Timestamp("2015-11-18 15:45:00+05:45", tz="Asia/Katmandu")
+        assert result._value == Timestamp("2015-11-18 10:00")._value
+        expected = "Timestamp('2015-11-18 15:45:00+0545', tz='Asia/Katmandu')"
+        assert repr(result) == expected
+        assert result == eval(repr(result))
+
+        # This should be 2015-11-18 10:00 in UTC
+        # converted to Asia/Kolkata
+        result = Timestamp("2015-11-18 15:30:00+05:30", tz="Asia/Kolkata")
+        assert result._value == Timestamp("2015-11-18 10:00")._value
+        expected = "Timestamp('2015-11-18 15:30:00+0530', tz='Asia/Kolkata')"
+        assert repr(result) == expected
+        assert result == eval(repr(result))
+
+    def test_constructor_invalid(self):
+        msg = "Cannot convert input"
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+            Timestamp(slice(2))
+        msg = "Cannot convert Period"
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+            Timestamp(Period("1000-01-01"))
+
+    def test_constructor_invalid_tz(self):
+        # GH#17690
+        msg = (
+            "Argument 'tzinfo' has incorrect type "
+            r"\(expected datetime.tzinfo, got str\)"
+        )
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+            Timestamp("2017-10-22", tzinfo="US/Eastern")
+
+        msg = "at most one of"
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+            Timestamp("2017-10-22", tzinfo=pytz.utc, tz="UTC")
+
+        msg = "Cannot pass a date attribute keyword argument when passing a date string"
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+            # GH#5168
+            # case where user tries to pass tz as an arg, not kwarg, gets
+            # interpreted as `year`
+            Timestamp("2012-01-01", "US/Pacific")
+
+    def test_constructor_strptime(self):
+        # GH25016
+        # Test support for Timestamp.strptime
+        fmt = "%Y%m%d-%H%M%S-%f%z"
+        ts = "20190129-235348-000001+0000"
+        msg = r"Timestamp.strptime\(\) is not implemented"
+        with pytest.raises(NotImplementedError, match=msg):
+            Timestamp.strptime(ts, fmt)
+
+    def test_constructor_tz_or_tzinfo(self):
+        # GH#17943, GH#17690, GH#5168
+        stamps = [
+            Timestamp(year=2017, month=10, day=22, tz="UTC"),
+            Timestamp(year=2017, month=10, day=22, tzinfo=pytz.utc),
+            Timestamp(year=2017, month=10, day=22, tz=pytz.utc),
+            Timestamp(datetime(2017, 10, 22), tzinfo=pytz.utc),
+            Timestamp(datetime(2017, 10, 22), tz="UTC"),
+            Timestamp(datetime(2017, 10, 22), tz=pytz.utc),
+        ]
+        assert all(ts == stamps[0] for ts in stamps)
+
+    def test_constructor_positional_with_tzinfo(self):
+        # GH#31929
+        ts = Timestamp(2020, 12, 31, tzinfo=timezone.utc)
+        expected = Timestamp("2020-12-31", tzinfo=timezone.utc)
+        assert ts == expected
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("kwd", ["nanosecond", "microsecond", "second", "minute"])
+    def test_constructor_positional_keyword_mixed_with_tzinfo(self, kwd, request):
+        # TODO: if we passed microsecond with a keyword we would mess up
+        #  xref GH#45307
+        if kwd != "nanosecond":
+            # nanosecond is keyword-only as of 2.0, others are not
+            mark = pytest.mark.xfail(reason="GH#45307")
+            request.node.add_marker(mark)
+
+        kwargs = {kwd: 4}
+        ts = Timestamp(2020, 12, 31, tzinfo=timezone.utc, **kwargs)
+
+        td_kwargs = {kwd + "s": 4}
+        td = Timedelta(**td_kwargs)
+        expected = Timestamp("2020-12-31", tz=timezone.utc) + td
+        assert ts == expected
+
+    def test_constructor_positional(self):
+        # see gh-10758
+        msg = (
+            "'NoneType' object cannot be interpreted as an integer"
+            if PY310
+            else "an integer is required"
+        )
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+            Timestamp(2000, 1)
+
+        msg = "month must be in 1..12"
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+            Timestamp(2000, 0, 1)
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+            Timestamp(2000, 13, 1)
+
+        msg = "day is out of range for month"
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+            Timestamp(2000, 1, 0)
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+            Timestamp(2000, 1, 32)
+
+        # see gh-11630
+        assert repr(Timestamp(2015, 11, 12)) == repr(Timestamp("20151112"))
+        assert repr(Timestamp(2015, 11, 12, 1, 2, 3, 999999)) == repr(
+            Timestamp("2015-11-12 01:02:03.999999")
+        )
+
+    def test_constructor_keyword(self):
+        # GH 10758
+        msg = "function missing required argument 'day'|Required argument 'day'"
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+            Timestamp(year=2000, month=1)
+
+        msg = "month must be in 1..12"
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+            Timestamp(year=2000, month=0, day=1)
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+            Timestamp(year=2000, month=13, day=1)
+
+        msg = "day is out of range for month"
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+            Timestamp(year=2000, month=1, day=0)
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+            Timestamp(year=2000, month=1, day=32)
+
+        assert repr(Timestamp(year=2015, month=11, day=12)) == repr(
+            Timestamp("20151112")
+        )
+
+        assert repr(
+            Timestamp(
+                year=2015,
+                month=11,
+                day=12,
+                hour=1,
+                minute=2,
+                second=3,
+                microsecond=999999,
+            )
+        ) == repr(Timestamp("2015-11-12 01:02:03.999999"))
+
+    def test_constructor_fromordinal(self):
+        base = datetime(2000, 1, 1)
+
+        ts = Timestamp.fromordinal(base.toordinal())
+        assert base == ts
+        assert base.toordinal() == ts.toordinal()
+
+        ts = Timestamp.fromordinal(base.toordinal(), tz="US/Eastern")
+        assert Timestamp("2000-01-01", tz="US/Eastern") == ts
+        assert base.toordinal() == ts.toordinal()
+
+        # GH#3042
+        dt = datetime(2011, 4, 16, 0, 0)
+        ts = Timestamp.fromordinal(dt.toordinal())
+        assert ts.to_pydatetime() == dt
+
+        # with a tzinfo
+        stamp = Timestamp("2011-4-16", tz="US/Eastern")
+        dt_tz = stamp.to_pydatetime()
+        ts = Timestamp.fromordinal(dt_tz.toordinal(), tz="US/Eastern")
+        assert ts.to_pydatetime() == dt_tz
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "result",
+        [
+            Timestamp(datetime(2000, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6), nanosecond=1),
+            Timestamp(
+                year=2000,
+                month=1,
+                day=2,
+                hour=3,
+                minute=4,
+                second=5,
+                microsecond=6,
+                nanosecond=1,
+            ),
+            Timestamp(
+                year=2000,
+                month=1,
+                day=2,
+                hour=3,
+                minute=4,
+                second=5,
+                microsecond=6,
+                nanosecond=1,
+                tz="UTC",
+            ),
+            Timestamp(2000, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, None, nanosecond=1),
+            Timestamp(2000, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, tz=pytz.UTC, nanosecond=1),
+        ],
+    )
+    def test_constructor_nanosecond(self, result):
+        # GH 18898
+        # As of 2.0 (GH 49416), nanosecond should not be accepted positionally
+        expected = Timestamp(datetime(2000, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6), tz=result.tz)
+        expected = expected + Timedelta(nanoseconds=1)
+        assert result == expected
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("z", ["Z0", "Z00"])
+    def test_constructor_invalid_Z0_isostring(self, z):
+        # GH 8910
+        msg = f"Unknown datetime string format, unable to parse: 2014-11-02 01:00{z}"
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+            Timestamp(f"2014-11-02 01:00{z}")
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "arg",
+        [
+            "year",
+            "month",
+            "day",
+            "hour",
+            "minute",
+            "second",
+            "microsecond",
+            "nanosecond",
+        ],
+    )
+    def test_invalid_date_kwarg_with_string_input(self, arg):
+        kwarg = {arg: 1}
+        msg = "Cannot pass a date attribute keyword argument"
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+            Timestamp("2010-10-10 12:59:59.999999999", **kwarg)
+
+    def test_out_of_bounds_integer_value(self):
+        # GH#26651 check that we raise OutOfBoundsDatetime, not OverflowError
+        msg = str(Timestamp.max._value * 2)
+        with pytest.raises(OutOfBoundsDatetime, match=msg):
+            Timestamp(Timestamp.max._value * 2)
+        msg = str(Timestamp.min._value * 2)
+        with pytest.raises(OutOfBoundsDatetime, match=msg):
+            Timestamp(Timestamp.min._value * 2)
+
+    def test_out_of_bounds_value(self):
+        one_us = np.timedelta64(1).astype("timedelta64[us]")
+
+        # By definition we can't go out of bounds in [ns], so we
+        # convert the datetime64s to [us] so we can go out of bounds
+        min_ts_us = np.datetime64(Timestamp.min).astype("M8[us]") + one_us
+        max_ts_us = np.datetime64(Timestamp.max).astype("M8[us]")
+
+        # No error for the min/max datetimes
+        Timestamp(min_ts_us)
+        Timestamp(max_ts_us)
+
+        # We used to raise on these before supporting non-nano
+        us_val = NpyDatetimeUnit.NPY_FR_us.value
+        assert Timestamp(min_ts_us - one_us)._creso == us_val
+        assert Timestamp(max_ts_us + one_us)._creso == us_val
+
+        # https://github.com/numpy/numpy/issues/22346 for why
+        #  we can't use the same construction as above with minute resolution
+
+        # too_low, too_high are the _just_ outside the range of M8[s]
+        too_low = np.datetime64("-292277022657-01-27T08:29", "m")
+        too_high = np.datetime64("292277026596-12-04T15:31", "m")
+
+        msg = "Out of bounds"
+        # One us less than the minimum is an error
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+            Timestamp(too_low)
+
+        # One us more than the maximum is an error
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+            Timestamp(too_high)
+
+    def test_out_of_bounds_string(self):
+        msg = "Cannot cast .* to unit='ns' without overflow"
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+            Timestamp("1676-01-01").as_unit("ns")
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+            Timestamp("2263-01-01").as_unit("ns")
+
+        ts = Timestamp("2263-01-01")
+        assert ts.unit == "s"
+
+        ts = Timestamp("1676-01-01")
+        assert ts.unit == "s"
+
+    def test_barely_out_of_bounds(self):
+        # GH#19529
+        # GH#19382 close enough to bounds that dropping nanos would result
+        # in an in-bounds datetime
+        msg = "Out of bounds nanosecond timestamp: 2262-04-11 23:47:16"
+        with pytest.raises(OutOfBoundsDatetime, match=msg):
+            Timestamp("2262-04-11 23:47:16.854775808")
+
+    def test_bounds_with_different_units(self):
+        out_of_bounds_dates = ("1677-09-21", "2262-04-12")
+
+        time_units = ("D", "h", "m", "s", "ms", "us")
+
+        for date_string in out_of_bounds_dates:
+            for unit in time_units:
+                dt64 = np.datetime64(date_string, unit)
+                ts = Timestamp(dt64)
+                if unit in ["s", "ms", "us"]:
+                    # We can preserve the input unit
+                    assert ts._value == dt64.view("i8")
+                else:
+                    # we chose the closest unit that we _do_ support
+                    assert ts._creso == NpyDatetimeUnit.NPY_FR_s.value
+
+        # With more extreme cases, we can't even fit inside second resolution
+        info = np.iinfo(np.int64)
+        msg = "Out of bounds nanosecond timestamp:"
+        for value in [info.min + 1, info.max]:
+            for unit in ["D", "h", "m"]:
+                dt64 = np.datetime64(value, unit)
+                with pytest.raises(OutOfBoundsDatetime, match=msg):
+                    Timestamp(dt64)
+
+        in_bounds_dates = ("1677-09-23", "2262-04-11")
+
+        for date_string in in_bounds_dates:
+            for unit in time_units:
+                dt64 = np.datetime64(date_string, unit)
+                Timestamp(dt64)
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("arg", ["001-01-01", "0001-01-01"])
+    def test_out_of_bounds_string_consistency(self, arg):
+        # GH 15829
+        msg = "Cannot cast 0001-01-01 00:00:00 to unit='ns' without overflow"
+        with pytest.raises(OutOfBoundsDatetime, match=msg):
+            Timestamp(arg).as_unit("ns")
+
+        ts = Timestamp(arg)
+        assert ts.unit == "s"
+        assert ts.year == ts.month == ts.day == 1
+
+    def test_min_valid(self):
+        # Ensure that Timestamp.min is a valid Timestamp
+        Timestamp(Timestamp.min)
+
+    def test_max_valid(self):
+        # Ensure that Timestamp.max is a valid Timestamp
+        Timestamp(Timestamp.max)
+
+    def test_now(self):
+        # GH#9000
+        ts_from_string = Timestamp("now")
+        ts_from_method = Timestamp.now()
+        ts_datetime = datetime.now()
+
+        ts_from_string_tz = Timestamp("now", tz="US/Eastern")
+        ts_from_method_tz = Timestamp.now(tz="US/Eastern")
+
+        # Check that the delta between the times is less than 1s (arbitrarily
+        # small)
+        delta = Timedelta(seconds=1)
+        assert abs(ts_from_method - ts_from_string) < delta
+        assert abs(ts_datetime - ts_from_method) < delta
+        assert abs(ts_from_method_tz - ts_from_string_tz) < delta
+        assert (
+            abs(
+                ts_from_string_tz.tz_localize(None)
+                - ts_from_method_tz.tz_localize(None)
+            )
+            < delta
+        )
+
+    def test_today(self):
+        ts_from_string = Timestamp("today")
+        ts_from_method = Timestamp.today()
+        ts_datetime = datetime.today()
+
+        ts_from_string_tz = Timestamp("today", tz="US/Eastern")
+        ts_from_method_tz = Timestamp.today(tz="US/Eastern")
+
+        # Check that the delta between the times is less than 1s (arbitrarily
+        # small)
+        delta = Timedelta(seconds=1)
+        assert abs(ts_from_method - ts_from_string) < delta
+        assert abs(ts_datetime - ts_from_method) < delta
+        assert abs(ts_from_method_tz - ts_from_string_tz) < delta
+        assert (
+            abs(
+                ts_from_string_tz.tz_localize(None)
+                - ts_from_method_tz.tz_localize(None)
+            )
+            < delta
+        )
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("tz", [None, pytz.timezone("US/Pacific")])
+    def test_disallow_setting_tz(self, tz):
+        # GH 3746
+        ts = Timestamp("2010")
+        msg = "Cannot directly set timezone"
+        with pytest.raises(AttributeError, match=msg):
+            ts.tz = tz
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("offset", ["+0300", "+0200"])
+    def test_construct_timestamp_near_dst(self, offset):
+        # GH 20854
+        expected = Timestamp(f"2016-10-30 03:00:00{offset}", tz="Europe/Helsinki")
+        result = Timestamp(expected).tz_convert("Europe/Helsinki")
+        assert result == expected
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "arg", ["2013/01/01 00:00:00+09:00", "2013-01-01 00:00:00+09:00"]
+    )
+    def test_construct_with_different_string_format(self, arg):
+        # GH 12064
+        result = Timestamp(arg)
+        expected = Timestamp(datetime(2013, 1, 1), tz=pytz.FixedOffset(540))
+        assert result == expected
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("box", [datetime, Timestamp])
+    def test_raise_tz_and_tzinfo_in_datetime_input(self, box):
+        # GH 23579
+        kwargs = {"year": 2018, "month": 1, "day": 1, "tzinfo": pytz.utc}
+        msg = "Cannot pass a datetime or Timestamp"
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+            Timestamp(box(**kwargs), tz="US/Pacific")
+        msg = "Cannot pass a datetime or Timestamp"
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+            Timestamp(box(**kwargs), tzinfo=pytz.timezone("US/Pacific"))
+
+    def test_dont_convert_dateutil_utc_to_pytz_utc(self):
+        result = Timestamp(datetime(2018, 1, 1), tz=tzutc())
+        expected = Timestamp(datetime(2018, 1, 1)).tz_localize(tzutc())
+        assert result == expected
+
+    def test_constructor_subclassed_datetime(self):
+        # GH 25851
+        # ensure that subclassed datetime works for
+        # Timestamp creation
+        class SubDatetime(datetime):
+            pass
+
+        data = SubDatetime(2000, 1, 1)
+        result = Timestamp(data)
+        expected = Timestamp(2000, 1, 1)
+        assert result == expected
+
+    def test_constructor_fromisocalendar(self):
+        # GH 30395
+        expected_timestamp = Timestamp("2000-01-03 00:00:00")
+        expected_stdlib = datetime.fromisocalendar(2000, 1, 1)
+        result = Timestamp.fromisocalendar(2000, 1, 1)
+        assert result == expected_timestamp
+        assert result == expected_stdlib
+        assert isinstance(result, Timestamp)
+
+
+def test_constructor_ambiguous_dst():
+    # GH 24329
+    # Make sure that calling Timestamp constructor
+    # on Timestamp created from ambiguous time
+    # doesn't change Timestamp.value
+    ts = Timestamp(1382835600000000000, tz="dateutil/Europe/London")
+    expected = ts._value
+    result = Timestamp(ts)._value
+    assert result == expected
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("epoch", [1552211999999999872, 1552211999999999999])
+def test_constructor_before_dst_switch(epoch):
+    # GH 31043
+    # Make sure that calling Timestamp constructor
+    # on time just before DST switch doesn't lead to
+    # nonexistent time or value change
+    ts = Timestamp(epoch, tz="dateutil/America/Los_Angeles")
+    result = ts.tz.dst(ts)
+    expected = timedelta(seconds=0)
+    assert Timestamp(ts)._value == epoch
+    assert result == expected
+
+
+def test_timestamp_constructor_identity():
+    # Test for #30543
+    expected = Timestamp("2017-01-01T12")
+    result = Timestamp(expected)
+    assert result is expected
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("kwargs", [{}, {"year": 2020}, {"year": 2020, "month": 1}])
+def test_constructor_missing_keyword(kwargs):
+    # GH 31200
+
+    # The exact error message of datetime() depends on its version
+    msg1 = r"function missing required argument '(year|month|day)' \(pos [123]\)"
+    msg2 = r"Required argument '(year|month|day)' \(pos [123]\) not found"
+    msg = "|".join([msg1, msg2])
+
+    with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+        Timestamp(**kwargs)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("nano", [-1, 1000])
+def test_timestamp_nano_range(nano):
+    # GH 48255
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="nanosecond must be in 0..999"):
+        Timestamp(year=2022, month=1, day=1, nanosecond=nano)
+
+
+def test_non_nano_value():
+    # https://github.com/pandas-dev/pandas/issues/49076
+    result = Timestamp("1800-01-01", unit="s").value
+    # `.value` shows nanoseconds, even though unit is 's'
+    assert result == -5364662400000000000
+
+    # out-of-nanoseconds-bounds `.value` raises informative message
+    msg = (
+        r"Cannot convert Timestamp to nanoseconds without overflow. "
+        r"Use `.asm8.view\('i8'\)` to cast represent Timestamp in its "
+        r"own unit \(here, s\).$"
+    )
+    ts = Timestamp("0300-01-01")
+    with pytest.raises(OverflowError, match=msg):
+        ts.value
+    # check that the suggested workaround actually works
+    result = ts.asm8.view("i8")
+    assert result == -52700112000
+
+
+def test_timestamp_constructor_invalid_fold_raise():
+    # Test forGH #25057
+    # Valid fold values are only [None, 0, 1]
+    msg = "Valid values for the fold argument are None, 0, or 1."
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+        Timestamp(123, fold=2)
+
+
+def test_timestamp_constructor_pytz_fold_raise():
+    # Test for GH#25057
+    # pytz doesn't support fold. Check that we raise
+    # if fold is passed with pytz
+    msg = "pytz timezones do not support fold. Please use dateutil timezones."
+    tz = pytz.timezone("Europe/London")
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+        Timestamp(datetime(2019, 10, 27, 0, 30, 0, 0), tz=tz, fold=0)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("fold", [0, 1])
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "ts_input",
+    [
+        1572136200000000000,
+        1572136200000000000.0,
+        np.datetime64(1572136200000000000, "ns"),
+        "2019-10-27 01:30:00+01:00",
+        datetime(2019, 10, 27, 0, 30, 0, 0, tzinfo=timezone.utc),
+    ],
+)
+def test_timestamp_constructor_fold_conflict(ts_input, fold):
+    # Test for GH#25057
+    # Check that we raise on fold conflict
+    msg = (
+        "Cannot pass fold with possibly unambiguous input: int, float, "
+        "numpy.datetime64, str, or timezone-aware datetime-like. "
+        "Pass naive datetime-like or build Timestamp from components."
+    )
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+        Timestamp(ts_input=ts_input, fold=fold)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("tz", ["dateutil/Europe/London", None])
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("fold", [0, 1])
+def test_timestamp_constructor_retain_fold(tz, fold):
+    # Test for GH#25057
+    # Check that we retain fold
+    ts = Timestamp(year=2019, month=10, day=27, hour=1, minute=30, tz=tz, fold=fold)
+    result = ts.fold
+    expected = fold
+    assert result == expected
+
+
+try:
+    _tzs = [
+        "dateutil/Europe/London",
+        zoneinfo.ZoneInfo("Europe/London"),
+    ]
+except zoneinfo.ZoneInfoNotFoundError:
+    _tzs = ["dateutil/Europe/London"]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("tz", _tzs)
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "ts_input,fold_out",
+    [
+        (1572136200000000000, 0),
+        (1572139800000000000, 1),
+        ("2019-10-27 01:30:00+01:00", 0),
+        ("2019-10-27 01:30:00+00:00", 1),
+        (datetime(2019, 10, 27, 1, 30, 0, 0, fold=0), 0),
+        (datetime(2019, 10, 27, 1, 30, 0, 0, fold=1), 1),
+    ],
+)
+def test_timestamp_constructor_infer_fold_from_value(tz, ts_input, fold_out):
+    # Test for GH#25057
+    # Check that we infer fold correctly based on timestamps since utc
+    # or strings
+    ts = Timestamp(ts_input, tz=tz)
+    result = ts.fold
+    expected = fold_out
+    assert result == expected
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("tz", ["dateutil/Europe/London"])
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "ts_input,fold,value_out",
+    [
+        (datetime(2019, 10, 27, 1, 30, 0, 0), 0, 1572136200000000),
+        (datetime(2019, 10, 27, 1, 30, 0, 0), 1, 1572139800000000),
+    ],
+)
+def test_timestamp_constructor_adjust_value_for_fold(tz, ts_input, fold, value_out):
+    # Test for GH#25057
+    # Check that we adjust value for fold correctly
+    # based on timestamps since utc
+    ts = Timestamp(ts_input, tz=tz, fold=fold)
+    result = ts._value
+    expected = value_out
+    assert result == expected
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("na_value", [None, np.nan, np.datetime64("NaT"), NaT, NA])
+def test_timestamp_constructor_na_value(na_value):
+    # GH45481
+    result = Timestamp(na_value)
+    expected = NaT
+    assert result is expected

AppDir/usr/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pandas/tests/scalar/timestamp/test_formats.py

@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+import pytest
+
+from pandas import Timestamp
+
+ts_no_ns = Timestamp(
+    year=2019,
+    month=5,
+    day=18,
+    hour=15,
+    minute=17,
+    second=8,
+    microsecond=132263,
+)
+ts_no_ns_year1 = Timestamp(
+    year=1,
+    month=5,
+    day=18,
+    hour=15,
+    minute=17,
+    second=8,
+    microsecond=132263,
+)
+ts_ns = Timestamp(
+    year=2019,
+    month=5,
+    day=18,
+    hour=15,
+    minute=17,
+    second=8,
+    microsecond=132263,
+    nanosecond=123,
+)
+ts_ns_tz = Timestamp(
+    year=2019,
+    month=5,
+    day=18,
+    hour=15,
+    minute=17,
+    second=8,
+    microsecond=132263,
+    nanosecond=123,
+    tz="UTC",
+)
+ts_no_us = Timestamp(
+    year=2019,
+    month=5,
+    day=18,
+    hour=15,
+    minute=17,
+    second=8,
+    microsecond=0,
+    nanosecond=123,
+)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "ts, timespec, expected_iso",
+    [
+        (ts_no_ns, "auto", "2019-05-18T15:17:08.132263"),
+        (ts_no_ns, "seconds", "2019-05-18T15:17:08"),
+        (ts_no_ns, "nanoseconds", "2019-05-18T15:17:08.132263000"),
+        (ts_no_ns_year1, "seconds", "0001-05-18T15:17:08"),
+        (ts_no_ns_year1, "nanoseconds", "0001-05-18T15:17:08.132263000"),
+        (ts_ns, "auto", "2019-05-18T15:17:08.132263123"),
+        (ts_ns, "hours", "2019-05-18T15"),
+        (ts_ns, "minutes", "2019-05-18T15:17"),
+        (ts_ns, "seconds", "2019-05-18T15:17:08"),
+        (ts_ns, "milliseconds", "2019-05-18T15:17:08.132"),
+        (ts_ns, "microseconds", "2019-05-18T15:17:08.132263"),
+        (ts_ns, "nanoseconds", "2019-05-18T15:17:08.132263123"),
+        (ts_ns_tz, "auto", "2019-05-18T15:17:08.132263123+00:00"),
+        (ts_ns_tz, "hours", "2019-05-18T15+00:00"),
+        (ts_ns_tz, "minutes", "2019-05-18T15:17+00:00"),
+        (ts_ns_tz, "seconds", "2019-05-18T15:17:08+00:00"),
+        (ts_ns_tz, "milliseconds", "2019-05-18T15:17:08.132+00:00"),
+        (ts_ns_tz, "microseconds", "2019-05-18T15:17:08.132263+00:00"),
+        (ts_ns_tz, "nanoseconds", "2019-05-18T15:17:08.132263123+00:00"),
+        (ts_no_us, "auto", "2019-05-18T15:17:08.000000123"),
+    ],
+)
+def test_isoformat(ts, timespec, expected_iso):
+    assert ts.isoformat(timespec=timespec) == expected_iso

AppDir/usr/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pandas/tests/scalar/timestamp/test_rendering.py

@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+import pprint
+
+import pytest
+import pytz  # noqa: F401  # a test below uses pytz but only inside a `eval` call
+
+from pandas import Timestamp
+
+
+class TestTimestampRendering:
+    timezones = ["UTC", "Asia/Tokyo", "US/Eastern", "dateutil/US/Pacific"]
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("tz", timezones)
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("freq", ["D", "M", "S", "N"])
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "date", ["2014-03-07", "2014-01-01 09:00", "2014-01-01 00:00:00.000000001"]
+    )
+    def test_repr(self, date, freq, tz):
+        # avoid to match with timezone name
+        freq_repr = f"'{freq}'"
+        if tz.startswith("dateutil"):
+            tz_repr = tz.replace("dateutil", "")
+        else:
+            tz_repr = tz
+
+        date_only = Timestamp(date)
+        assert date in repr(date_only)
+        assert tz_repr not in repr(date_only)
+        assert freq_repr not in repr(date_only)
+        assert date_only == eval(repr(date_only))
+
+        date_tz = Timestamp(date, tz=tz)
+        assert date in repr(date_tz)
+        assert tz_repr in repr(date_tz)
+        assert freq_repr not in repr(date_tz)
+        assert date_tz == eval(repr(date_tz))
+
+    def test_repr_utcoffset(self):
+        # This can cause the tz field to be populated, but it's redundant to
+        # include this information in the date-string.
+        date_with_utc_offset = Timestamp("2014-03-13 00:00:00-0400", tz=None)
+        assert "2014-03-13 00:00:00-0400" in repr(date_with_utc_offset)
+        assert "tzoffset" not in repr(date_with_utc_offset)
+        assert "UTC-04:00" in repr(date_with_utc_offset)
+        expr = repr(date_with_utc_offset)
+        assert date_with_utc_offset == eval(expr)
+
+    def test_timestamp_repr_pre1900(self):
+        # pre-1900
+        stamp = Timestamp("1850-01-01", tz="US/Eastern")
+        repr(stamp)
+
+        iso8601 = "1850-01-01 01:23:45.012345"
+        stamp = Timestamp(iso8601, tz="US/Eastern")
+        result = repr(stamp)
+        assert iso8601 in result
+
+    def test_pprint(self):
+        # GH#12622
+        nested_obj = {"foo": 1, "bar": [{"w": {"a": Timestamp("2011-01-01")}}] * 10}
+        result = pprint.pformat(nested_obj, width=50)
+        expected = r"""{'bar': [{'w': {'a': Timestamp('2011-01-01 00:00:00')}},
+         {'w': {'a': Timestamp('2011-01-01 00:00:00')}},
+         {'w': {'a': Timestamp('2011-01-01 00:00:00')}},
+         {'w': {'a': Timestamp('2011-01-01 00:00:00')}},
+         {'w': {'a': Timestamp('2011-01-01 00:00:00')}},
+         {'w': {'a': Timestamp('2011-01-01 00:00:00')}},
+         {'w': {'a': Timestamp('2011-01-01 00:00:00')}},
+         {'w': {'a': Timestamp('2011-01-01 00:00:00')}},
+         {'w': {'a': Timestamp('2011-01-01 00:00:00')}},
+         {'w': {'a': Timestamp('2011-01-01 00:00:00')}}],
+ 'foo': 1}"""
+        assert result == expected
+
+    def test_to_timestamp_repr_is_code(self):
+        zs = [
+            Timestamp("99-04-17 00:00:00", tz="UTC"),
+            Timestamp("2001-04-17 00:00:00", tz="UTC"),
+            Timestamp("2001-04-17 00:00:00", tz="America/Los_Angeles"),
+            Timestamp("2001-04-17 00:00:00", tz=None),
+        ]
+        for z in zs:
+            assert eval(repr(z)) == z

AppDir/usr/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pandas/tests/scalar/timestamp/test_timezones.py

@@ -0,0 +1,494 @@
+"""
+Tests for Timestamp timezone-related methods
+"""
+from datetime import (
+    date,
+    datetime,
+    timedelta,
+    timezone,
+)
+import re
+
+import dateutil
+from dateutil.tz import (
+    gettz,
+    tzoffset,
+)
+import pytest
+import pytz
+from pytz.exceptions import (
+    AmbiguousTimeError,
+    NonExistentTimeError,
+)
+
+from pandas._libs.tslibs import timezones
+from pandas._libs.tslibs.dtypes import NpyDatetimeUnit
+from pandas.errors import OutOfBoundsDatetime
+import pandas.util._test_decorators as td
+
+from pandas import (
+    NaT,
+    Timestamp,
+)
+
+try:
+    from zoneinfo import ZoneInfo
+except ImportError:
+    # Cannot assign to a type
+    ZoneInfo = None  # type: ignore[misc, assignment]
+
+
+class TestTimestampTZOperations:
+    # --------------------------------------------------------------
+    # Timestamp.tz_localize
+
+    def test_tz_localize_pushes_out_of_bounds(self):
+        # GH#12677
+        # tz_localize that pushes away from the boundary is OK
+        msg = (
+            f"Converting {Timestamp.min.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')} "
+            f"underflows past {Timestamp.min}"
+        )
+        pac = Timestamp.min.tz_localize("US/Pacific")
+        assert pac._value > Timestamp.min._value
+        pac.tz_convert("Asia/Tokyo")  # tz_convert doesn't change value
+        with pytest.raises(OutOfBoundsDatetime, match=msg):
+            Timestamp.min.tz_localize("Asia/Tokyo")
+
+        # tz_localize that pushes away from the boundary is OK
+        msg = (
+            f"Converting {Timestamp.max.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')} "
+            f"overflows past {Timestamp.max}"
+        )
+        tokyo = Timestamp.max.tz_localize("Asia/Tokyo")
+        assert tokyo._value < Timestamp.max._value
+        tokyo.tz_convert("US/Pacific")  # tz_convert doesn't change value
+        with pytest.raises(OutOfBoundsDatetime, match=msg):
+            Timestamp.max.tz_localize("US/Pacific")
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("unit", ["ns", "us", "ms", "s"])
+    def test_tz_localize_ambiguous_bool(self, unit):
+        # make sure that we are correctly accepting bool values as ambiguous
+        # GH#14402
+        ts = Timestamp("2015-11-01 01:00:03").as_unit(unit)
+        expected0 = Timestamp("2015-11-01 01:00:03-0500", tz="US/Central")
+        expected1 = Timestamp("2015-11-01 01:00:03-0600", tz="US/Central")
+
+        msg = "Cannot infer dst time from 2015-11-01 01:00:03"
+        with pytest.raises(pytz.AmbiguousTimeError, match=msg):
+            ts.tz_localize("US/Central")
+
+        with pytest.raises(pytz.AmbiguousTimeError, match=msg):
+            ts.tz_localize("dateutil/US/Central")
+
+        if ZoneInfo is not None:
+            try:
+                tz = ZoneInfo("US/Central")
+            except KeyError:
+                # no tzdata
+                pass
+            else:
+                with pytest.raises(pytz.AmbiguousTimeError, match=msg):
+                    ts.tz_localize(tz)
+
+        result = ts.tz_localize("US/Central", ambiguous=True)
+        assert result == expected0
+        assert result._creso == getattr(NpyDatetimeUnit, f"NPY_FR_{unit}").value
+
+        result = ts.tz_localize("US/Central", ambiguous=False)
+        assert result == expected1
+        assert result._creso == getattr(NpyDatetimeUnit, f"NPY_FR_{unit}").value
+
+    def test_tz_localize_ambiguous(self):
+        ts = Timestamp("2014-11-02 01:00")
+        ts_dst = ts.tz_localize("US/Eastern", ambiguous=True)
+        ts_no_dst = ts.tz_localize("US/Eastern", ambiguous=False)
+
+        assert ts_no_dst._value - ts_dst._value == 3600
+        msg = re.escape(
+            "'ambiguous' parameter must be one of: "
+            "True, False, 'NaT', 'raise' (default)"
+        )
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+            ts.tz_localize("US/Eastern", ambiguous="infer")
+
+        # GH#8025
+        msg = "Cannot localize tz-aware Timestamp, use tz_convert for conversions"
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+            Timestamp("2011-01-01", tz="US/Eastern").tz_localize("Asia/Tokyo")
+
+        msg = "Cannot convert tz-naive Timestamp, use tz_localize to localize"
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+            Timestamp("2011-01-01").tz_convert("Asia/Tokyo")
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "stamp, tz",
+        [
+            ("2015-03-08 02:00", "US/Eastern"),
+            ("2015-03-08 02:30", "US/Pacific"),
+            ("2015-03-29 02:00", "Europe/Paris"),
+            ("2015-03-29 02:30", "Europe/Belgrade"),
+        ],
+    )
+    def test_tz_localize_nonexistent(self, stamp, tz):
+        # GH#13057
+        ts = Timestamp(stamp)
+        with pytest.raises(NonExistentTimeError, match=stamp):
+            ts.tz_localize(tz)
+        # GH 22644
+        with pytest.raises(NonExistentTimeError, match=stamp):
+            ts.tz_localize(tz, nonexistent="raise")
+        assert ts.tz_localize(tz, nonexistent="NaT") is NaT
+
+    def test_tz_localize_ambiguous_raise(self):
+        # GH#13057
+        ts = Timestamp("2015-11-1 01:00")
+        msg = "Cannot infer dst time from 2015-11-01 01:00:00,"
+        with pytest.raises(AmbiguousTimeError, match=msg):
+            ts.tz_localize("US/Pacific", ambiguous="raise")
+
+    def test_tz_localize_nonexistent_invalid_arg(self, warsaw):
+        # GH 22644
+        tz = warsaw
+        ts = Timestamp("2015-03-29 02:00:00")
+        msg = (
+            "The nonexistent argument must be one of 'raise', 'NaT', "
+            "'shift_forward', 'shift_backward' or a timedelta object"
+        )
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+            ts.tz_localize(tz, nonexistent="foo")
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "stamp",
+        [
+            "2014-02-01 09:00",
+            "2014-07-08 09:00",
+            "2014-11-01 17:00",
+            "2014-11-05 00:00",
+        ],
+    )
+    def test_tz_localize_roundtrip(self, stamp, tz_aware_fixture):
+        tz = tz_aware_fixture
+        ts = Timestamp(stamp)
+        localized = ts.tz_localize(tz)
+        assert localized == Timestamp(stamp, tz=tz)
+
+        msg = "Cannot localize tz-aware Timestamp"
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+            localized.tz_localize(tz)
+
+        reset = localized.tz_localize(None)
+        assert reset == ts
+        assert reset.tzinfo is None
+
+    def test_tz_localize_ambiguous_compat(self):
+        # validate that pytz and dateutil are compat for dst
+        # when the transition happens
+        naive = Timestamp("2013-10-27 01:00:00")
+
+        pytz_zone = "Europe/London"
+        dateutil_zone = "dateutil/Europe/London"
+        result_pytz = naive.tz_localize(pytz_zone, ambiguous=False)
+        result_dateutil = naive.tz_localize(dateutil_zone, ambiguous=False)
+        assert result_pytz._value == result_dateutil._value
+        assert result_pytz._value == 1382835600
+
+        # fixed ambiguous behavior
+        # see gh-14621, GH#45087
+        assert result_pytz.to_pydatetime().tzname() == "GMT"
+        assert result_dateutil.to_pydatetime().tzname() == "GMT"
+        assert str(result_pytz) == str(result_dateutil)
+
+        # 1 hour difference
+        result_pytz = naive.tz_localize(pytz_zone, ambiguous=True)
+        result_dateutil = naive.tz_localize(dateutil_zone, ambiguous=True)
+        assert result_pytz._value == result_dateutil._value
+        assert result_pytz._value == 1382832000
+
+        # see gh-14621
+        assert str(result_pytz) == str(result_dateutil)
+        assert (
+            result_pytz.to_pydatetime().tzname()
+            == result_dateutil.to_pydatetime().tzname()
+        )
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "tz",
+        [
+            pytz.timezone("US/Eastern"),
+            gettz("US/Eastern"),
+            "US/Eastern",
+            "dateutil/US/Eastern",
+        ],
+    )
+    def test_timestamp_tz_localize(self, tz):
+        stamp = Timestamp("3/11/2012 04:00")
+
+        result = stamp.tz_localize(tz)
+        expected = Timestamp("3/11/2012 04:00", tz=tz)
+        assert result.hour == expected.hour
+        assert result == expected
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "start_ts, tz, end_ts, shift",
+        [
+            ["2015-03-29 02:20:00", "Europe/Warsaw", "2015-03-29 03:00:00", "forward"],
+            [
+                "2015-03-29 02:20:00",
+                "Europe/Warsaw",
+                "2015-03-29 01:59:59.999999999",
+                "backward",
+            ],
+            [
+                "2015-03-29 02:20:00",
+                "Europe/Warsaw",
+                "2015-03-29 03:20:00",
+                timedelta(hours=1),
+            ],
+            [
+                "2015-03-29 02:20:00",
+                "Europe/Warsaw",
+                "2015-03-29 01:20:00",
+                timedelta(hours=-1),
+            ],
+            ["2018-03-11 02:33:00", "US/Pacific", "2018-03-11 03:00:00", "forward"],
+            [
+                "2018-03-11 02:33:00",
+                "US/Pacific",
+                "2018-03-11 01:59:59.999999999",
+                "backward",
+            ],
+            [
+                "2018-03-11 02:33:00",
+                "US/Pacific",
+                "2018-03-11 03:33:00",
+                timedelta(hours=1),
+            ],
+            [
+                "2018-03-11 02:33:00",
+                "US/Pacific",
+                "2018-03-11 01:33:00",
+                timedelta(hours=-1),
+            ],
+        ],
+    )
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("tz_type", ["", "dateutil/"])
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("unit", ["ns", "us", "ms", "s"])
+    def test_timestamp_tz_localize_nonexistent_shift(
+        self, start_ts, tz, end_ts, shift, tz_type, unit
+    ):
+        # GH 8917, 24466
+        tz = tz_type + tz
+        if isinstance(shift, str):
+            shift = "shift_" + shift
+        ts = Timestamp(start_ts).as_unit(unit)
+        result = ts.tz_localize(tz, nonexistent=shift)
+        expected = Timestamp(end_ts).tz_localize(tz)
+
+        if unit == "us":
+            assert result == expected.replace(nanosecond=0)
+        elif unit == "ms":
+            micros = expected.microsecond - expected.microsecond % 1000
+            assert result == expected.replace(microsecond=micros, nanosecond=0)
+        elif unit == "s":
+            assert result == expected.replace(microsecond=0, nanosecond=0)
+        else:
+            assert result == expected
+        assert result._creso == getattr(NpyDatetimeUnit, f"NPY_FR_{unit}").value
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("offset", [-1, 1])
+    def test_timestamp_tz_localize_nonexistent_shift_invalid(self, offset, warsaw):
+        # GH 8917, 24466
+        tz = warsaw
+        ts = Timestamp("2015-03-29 02:20:00")
+        msg = "The provided timedelta will relocalize on a nonexistent time"
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+            ts.tz_localize(tz, nonexistent=timedelta(seconds=offset))
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("unit", ["ns", "us", "ms", "s"])
+    def test_timestamp_tz_localize_nonexistent_NaT(self, warsaw, unit):
+        # GH 8917
+        tz = warsaw
+        ts = Timestamp("2015-03-29 02:20:00").as_unit(unit)
+        result = ts.tz_localize(tz, nonexistent="NaT")
+        assert result is NaT
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("unit", ["ns", "us", "ms", "s"])
+    def test_timestamp_tz_localize_nonexistent_raise(self, warsaw, unit):
+        # GH 8917
+        tz = warsaw
+        ts = Timestamp("2015-03-29 02:20:00").as_unit(unit)
+        msg = "2015-03-29 02:20:00"
+        with pytest.raises(pytz.NonExistentTimeError, match=msg):
+            ts.tz_localize(tz, nonexistent="raise")
+        msg = (
+            "The nonexistent argument must be one of 'raise', 'NaT', "
+            "'shift_forward', 'shift_backward' or a timedelta object"
+        )
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+            ts.tz_localize(tz, nonexistent="foo")
+
+    # ------------------------------------------------------------------
+    # Timestamp.tz_convert
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "stamp",
+        [
+            "2014-02-01 09:00",
+            "2014-07-08 09:00",
+            "2014-11-01 17:00",
+            "2014-11-05 00:00",
+        ],
+    )
+    def test_tz_convert_roundtrip(self, stamp, tz_aware_fixture):
+        tz = tz_aware_fixture
+
+        ts = Timestamp(stamp, tz="UTC")
+        converted = ts.tz_convert(tz)
+
+        reset = converted.tz_convert(None)
+        assert reset == Timestamp(stamp)
+        assert reset.tzinfo is None
+        assert reset == converted.tz_convert("UTC").tz_localize(None)
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("tzstr", ["US/Eastern", "dateutil/US/Eastern"])
+    def test_astimezone(self, tzstr):
+        # astimezone is an alias for tz_convert, so keep it with
+        # the tz_convert tests
+        utcdate = Timestamp("3/11/2012 22:00", tz="UTC")
+        expected = utcdate.tz_convert(tzstr)
+        result = utcdate.astimezone(tzstr)
+        assert expected == result
+        assert isinstance(result, Timestamp)
+
+    @td.skip_if_windows
+    def test_tz_convert_utc_with_system_utc(self):
+        # from system utc to real utc
+        ts = Timestamp("2001-01-05 11:56", tz=timezones.maybe_get_tz("dateutil/UTC"))
+        # check that the time hasn't changed.
+        assert ts == ts.tz_convert(dateutil.tz.tzutc())
+
+        # from system utc to real utc
+        ts = Timestamp("2001-01-05 11:56", tz=timezones.maybe_get_tz("dateutil/UTC"))
+        # check that the time hasn't changed.
+        assert ts == ts.tz_convert(dateutil.tz.tzutc())
+
+    # ------------------------------------------------------------------
+    # Timestamp.__init__ with tz str or tzinfo
+
+    def test_timestamp_constructor_tz_utc(self):
+        utc_stamp = Timestamp("3/11/2012 05:00", tz="utc")
+        assert utc_stamp.tzinfo is timezone.utc
+        assert utc_stamp.hour == 5
+
+        utc_stamp = Timestamp("3/11/2012 05:00").tz_localize("utc")
+        assert utc_stamp.hour == 5
+
+    def test_timestamp_to_datetime_tzoffset(self):
+        tzinfo = tzoffset(None, 7200)
+        expected = Timestamp("3/11/2012 04:00", tz=tzinfo)
+        result = Timestamp(expected.to_pydatetime())
+        assert expected == result
+
+    def test_timestamp_constructor_near_dst_boundary(self):
+        # GH#11481 & GH#15777
+        # Naive string timestamps were being localized incorrectly
+        # with tz_convert_from_utc_single instead of tz_localize_to_utc
+
+        for tz in ["Europe/Brussels", "Europe/Prague"]:
+            result = Timestamp("2015-10-25 01:00", tz=tz)
+            expected = Timestamp("2015-10-25 01:00").tz_localize(tz)
+            assert result == expected
+
+            msg = "Cannot infer dst time from 2015-10-25 02:00:00"
+            with pytest.raises(pytz.AmbiguousTimeError, match=msg):
+                Timestamp("2015-10-25 02:00", tz=tz)
+
+        result = Timestamp("2017-03-26 01:00", tz="Europe/Paris")
+        expected = Timestamp("2017-03-26 01:00").tz_localize("Europe/Paris")
+        assert result == expected
+
+        msg = "2017-03-26 02:00"
+        with pytest.raises(pytz.NonExistentTimeError, match=msg):
+            Timestamp("2017-03-26 02:00", tz="Europe/Paris")
+
+        # GH#11708
+        naive = Timestamp("2015-11-18 10:00:00")
+        result = naive.tz_localize("UTC").tz_convert("Asia/Kolkata")
+        expected = Timestamp("2015-11-18 15:30:00+0530", tz="Asia/Kolkata")
+        assert result == expected
+
+        # GH#15823
+        result = Timestamp("2017-03-26 00:00", tz="Europe/Paris")
+        expected = Timestamp("2017-03-26 00:00:00+0100", tz="Europe/Paris")
+        assert result == expected
+
+        result = Timestamp("2017-03-26 01:00", tz="Europe/Paris")
+        expected = Timestamp("2017-03-26 01:00:00+0100", tz="Europe/Paris")
+        assert result == expected
+
+        msg = "2017-03-26 02:00"
+        with pytest.raises(pytz.NonExistentTimeError, match=msg):
+            Timestamp("2017-03-26 02:00", tz="Europe/Paris")
+
+        result = Timestamp("2017-03-26 02:00:00+0100", tz="Europe/Paris")
+        naive = Timestamp(result.as_unit("ns")._value)
+        expected = naive.tz_localize("UTC").tz_convert("Europe/Paris")
+        assert result == expected
+
+        result = Timestamp("2017-03-26 03:00", tz="Europe/Paris")
+        expected = Timestamp("2017-03-26 03:00:00+0200", tz="Europe/Paris")
+        assert result == expected
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "tz",
+        [
+            pytz.timezone("US/Eastern"),
+            gettz("US/Eastern"),
+            "US/Eastern",
+            "dateutil/US/Eastern",
+        ],
+    )
+    def test_timestamp_constructed_by_date_and_tz(self, tz):
+        # GH#2993, Timestamp cannot be constructed by datetime.date
+        # and tz correctly
+
+        result = Timestamp(date(2012, 3, 11), tz=tz)
+
+        expected = Timestamp("3/11/2012", tz=tz)
+        assert result.hour == expected.hour
+        assert result == expected
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "tz",
+        [
+            pytz.timezone("US/Eastern"),
+            gettz("US/Eastern"),
+            "US/Eastern",
+            "dateutil/US/Eastern",
+        ],
+    )
+    def test_timestamp_add_timedelta_push_over_dst_boundary(self, tz):
+        # GH#1389
+
+        # 4 hours before DST transition
+        stamp = Timestamp("3/10/2012 22:00", tz=tz)
+
+        result = stamp + timedelta(hours=6)
+
+        # spring forward, + "7" hours
+        expected = Timestamp("3/11/2012 05:00", tz=tz)
+
+        assert result == expected
+
+    def test_timestamp_timetz_equivalent_with_datetime_tz(self, tz_naive_fixture):
+        # GH21358
+        tz = timezones.maybe_get_tz(tz_naive_fixture)
+
+        stamp = Timestamp("2018-06-04 10:20:30", tz=tz)
+        _datetime = datetime(2018, 6, 4, hour=10, minute=20, second=30, tzinfo=tz)
+
+        result = stamp.timetz()
+        expected = _datetime.timetz()
+
+        assert result == expected

AppDir/usr/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pandas/tests/scalar/timestamp/test_unary_ops.py

@@ -0,0 +1,609 @@
+from datetime import datetime
+
+from dateutil.tz import gettz
+from hypothesis import (
+    given,
+    strategies as st,
+)
+import numpy as np
+import pytest
+import pytz
+from pytz import utc
+
+from pandas._libs import lib
+from pandas._libs.tslibs import (
+    NaT,
+    OutOfBoundsDatetime,
+    Timedelta,
+    Timestamp,
+    conversion,
+    iNaT,
+    to_offset,
+)
+from pandas._libs.tslibs.dtypes import NpyDatetimeUnit
+from pandas._libs.tslibs.period import INVALID_FREQ_ERR_MSG
+import pandas.util._test_decorators as td
+
+import pandas._testing as tm
+
+
+class TestTimestampUnaryOps:
+    # --------------------------------------------------------------
+    def test_round_division_by_zero_raises(self):
+        ts = Timestamp("2016-01-01")
+
+        msg = "Division by zero in rounding"
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+            ts.round("0ns")
+
+    # Timestamp.round
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "timestamp, freq, expected",
+        [
+            ("20130101 09:10:11", "D", "20130101"),
+            ("20130101 19:10:11", "D", "20130102"),
+            ("20130201 12:00:00", "D", "20130202"),
+            ("20130104 12:00:00", "D", "20130105"),
+            ("2000-01-05 05:09:15.13", "D", "2000-01-05 00:00:00"),
+            ("2000-01-05 05:09:15.13", "H", "2000-01-05 05:00:00"),
+            ("2000-01-05 05:09:15.13", "S", "2000-01-05 05:09:15"),
+        ],
+    )
+    def test_round_frequencies(self, timestamp, freq, expected):
+        dt = Timestamp(timestamp)
+        result = dt.round(freq)
+        expected = Timestamp(expected)
+        assert result == expected
+
+    def test_round_tzaware(self):
+        dt = Timestamp("20130101 09:10:11", tz="US/Eastern")
+        result = dt.round("D")
+        expected = Timestamp("20130101", tz="US/Eastern")
+        assert result == expected
+
+        dt = Timestamp("20130101 09:10:11", tz="US/Eastern")
+        result = dt.round("s")
+        assert result == dt
+
+    def test_round_30min(self):
+        # round
+        dt = Timestamp("20130104 12:32:00")
+        result = dt.round("30Min")
+        expected = Timestamp("20130104 12:30:00")
+        assert result == expected
+
+    def test_round_subsecond(self):
+        # GH#14440 & GH#15578
+        result = Timestamp("2016-10-17 12:00:00.0015").round("ms")
+        expected = Timestamp("2016-10-17 12:00:00.002000")
+        assert result == expected
+
+        result = Timestamp("2016-10-17 12:00:00.00149").round("ms")
+        expected = Timestamp("2016-10-17 12:00:00.001000")
+        assert result == expected
+
+        ts = Timestamp("2016-10-17 12:00:00.0015")
+        for freq in ["us", "ns"]:
+            assert ts == ts.round(freq)
+
+        result = Timestamp("2016-10-17 12:00:00.001501031").round("10ns")
+        expected = Timestamp("2016-10-17 12:00:00.001501030")
+        assert result == expected
+
+    def test_round_nonstandard_freq(self):
+        with tm.assert_produces_warning(False):
+            Timestamp("2016-10-17 12:00:00.001501031").round("1010ns")
+
+    def test_round_invalid_arg(self):
+        stamp = Timestamp("2000-01-05 05:09:15.13")
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=INVALID_FREQ_ERR_MSG):
+            stamp.round("foo")
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "test_input, rounder, freq, expected",
+        [
+            ("2117-01-01 00:00:45", "floor", "15s", "2117-01-01 00:00:45"),
+            ("2117-01-01 00:00:45", "ceil", "15s", "2117-01-01 00:00:45"),
+            (
+                "2117-01-01 00:00:45.000000012",
+                "floor",
+                "10ns",
+                "2117-01-01 00:00:45.000000010",
+            ),
+            (
+                "1823-01-01 00:00:01.000000012",
+                "ceil",
+                "10ns",
+                "1823-01-01 00:00:01.000000020",
+            ),
+            ("1823-01-01 00:00:01", "floor", "1s", "1823-01-01 00:00:01"),
+            ("1823-01-01 00:00:01", "ceil", "1s", "1823-01-01 00:00:01"),
+            ("NaT", "floor", "1s", "NaT"),
+            ("NaT", "ceil", "1s", "NaT"),
+        ],
+    )
+    def test_ceil_floor_edge(self, test_input, rounder, freq, expected):
+        dt = Timestamp(test_input)
+        func = getattr(dt, rounder)
+        result = func(freq)
+
+        if dt is NaT:
+            assert result is NaT
+        else:
+            expected = Timestamp(expected)
+            assert result == expected
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "test_input, freq, expected",
+        [
+            ("2018-01-01 00:02:06", "2s", "2018-01-01 00:02:06"),
+            ("2018-01-01 00:02:00", "2T", "2018-01-01 00:02:00"),
+            ("2018-01-01 00:04:00", "4T", "2018-01-01 00:04:00"),
+            ("2018-01-01 00:15:00", "15T", "2018-01-01 00:15:00"),
+            ("2018-01-01 00:20:00", "20T", "2018-01-01 00:20:00"),
+            ("2018-01-01 03:00:00", "3H", "2018-01-01 03:00:00"),
+        ],
+    )
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("rounder", ["ceil", "floor", "round"])
+    def test_round_minute_freq(self, test_input, freq, expected, rounder):
+        # Ensure timestamps that shouldn't round dont!
+        # GH#21262
+
+        dt = Timestamp(test_input)
+        expected = Timestamp(expected)
+        func = getattr(dt, rounder)
+        result = func(freq)
+        assert result == expected
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("unit", ["ns", "us", "ms", "s"])
+    def test_ceil(self, unit):
+        dt = Timestamp("20130101 09:10:11").as_unit(unit)
+        result = dt.ceil("D")
+        expected = Timestamp("20130102")
+        assert result == expected
+        assert result._creso == dt._creso
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("unit", ["ns", "us", "ms", "s"])
+    def test_floor(self, unit):
+        dt = Timestamp("20130101 09:10:11").as_unit(unit)
+        result = dt.floor("D")
+        expected = Timestamp("20130101")
+        assert result == expected
+        assert result._creso == dt._creso
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("method", ["ceil", "round", "floor"])
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "unit",
+        ["ns", "us", "ms", "s"],
+    )
+    def test_round_dst_border_ambiguous(self, method, unit):
+        # GH 18946 round near "fall back" DST
+        ts = Timestamp("2017-10-29 00:00:00", tz="UTC").tz_convert("Europe/Madrid")
+        ts = ts.as_unit(unit)
+        #
+        result = getattr(ts, method)("H", ambiguous=True)
+        assert result == ts
+        assert result._creso == getattr(NpyDatetimeUnit, f"NPY_FR_{unit}").value
+
+        result = getattr(ts, method)("H", ambiguous=False)
+        expected = Timestamp("2017-10-29 01:00:00", tz="UTC").tz_convert(
+            "Europe/Madrid"
+        )
+        assert result == expected
+        assert result._creso == getattr(NpyDatetimeUnit, f"NPY_FR_{unit}").value
+
+        result = getattr(ts, method)("H", ambiguous="NaT")
+        assert result is NaT
+
+        msg = "Cannot infer dst time"
+        with pytest.raises(pytz.AmbiguousTimeError, match=msg):
+            getattr(ts, method)("H", ambiguous="raise")
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "method, ts_str, freq",
+        [
+            ["ceil", "2018-03-11 01:59:00-0600", "5min"],
+            ["round", "2018-03-11 01:59:00-0600", "5min"],
+            ["floor", "2018-03-11 03:01:00-0500", "2H"],
+        ],
+    )
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "unit",
+        ["ns", "us", "ms", "s"],
+    )
+    def test_round_dst_border_nonexistent(self, method, ts_str, freq, unit):
+        # GH 23324 round near "spring forward" DST
+        ts = Timestamp(ts_str, tz="America/Chicago").as_unit(unit)
+        result = getattr(ts, method)(freq, nonexistent="shift_forward")
+        expected = Timestamp("2018-03-11 03:00:00", tz="America/Chicago")
+        assert result == expected
+        assert result._creso == getattr(NpyDatetimeUnit, f"NPY_FR_{unit}").value
+
+        result = getattr(ts, method)(freq, nonexistent="NaT")
+        assert result is NaT
+
+        msg = "2018-03-11 02:00:00"
+        with pytest.raises(pytz.NonExistentTimeError, match=msg):
+            getattr(ts, method)(freq, nonexistent="raise")
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "timestamp",
+        [
+            "2018-01-01 0:0:0.124999360",
+            "2018-01-01 0:0:0.125000367",
+            "2018-01-01 0:0:0.125500",
+            "2018-01-01 0:0:0.126500",
+            "2018-01-01 12:00:00",
+            "2019-01-01 12:00:00",
+        ],
+    )
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "freq",
+        [
+            "2ns",
+            "3ns",
+            "4ns",
+            "5ns",
+            "6ns",
+            "7ns",
+            "250ns",
+            "500ns",
+            "750ns",
+            "1us",
+            "19us",
+            "250us",
+            "500us",
+            "750us",
+            "1s",
+            "2s",
+            "3s",
+            "1D",
+        ],
+    )
+    def test_round_int64(self, timestamp, freq):
+        # check that all rounding modes are accurate to int64 precision
+        # see GH#22591
+        dt = Timestamp(timestamp).as_unit("ns")
+        unit = to_offset(freq).nanos
+
+        # test floor
+        result = dt.floor(freq)
+        assert result._value % unit == 0, f"floor not a {freq} multiple"
+        assert 0 <= dt._value - result._value < unit, "floor error"
+
+        # test ceil
+        result = dt.ceil(freq)
+        assert result._value % unit == 0, f"ceil not a {freq} multiple"
+        assert 0 <= result._value - dt._value < unit, "ceil error"
+
+        # test round
+        result = dt.round(freq)
+        assert result._value % unit == 0, f"round not a {freq} multiple"
+        assert abs(result._value - dt._value) <= unit // 2, "round error"
+        if unit % 2 == 0 and abs(result._value - dt._value) == unit // 2:
+            # round half to even
+            assert result._value // unit % 2 == 0, "round half to even error"
+
+    def test_round_implementation_bounds(self):
+        # See also: analogous test for Timedelta
+        result = Timestamp.min.ceil("s")
+        expected = Timestamp(1677, 9, 21, 0, 12, 44)
+        assert result == expected
+
+        result = Timestamp.max.floor("s")
+        expected = Timestamp.max - Timedelta(854775807)
+        assert result == expected
+
+        msg = "Cannot round 1677-09-21 00:12:43.145224193 to freq=<Second>"
+        with pytest.raises(OutOfBoundsDatetime, match=msg):
+            Timestamp.min.floor("s")
+
+        with pytest.raises(OutOfBoundsDatetime, match=msg):
+            Timestamp.min.round("s")
+
+        msg = "Cannot round 2262-04-11 23:47:16.854775807 to freq=<Second>"
+        with pytest.raises(OutOfBoundsDatetime, match=msg):
+            Timestamp.max.ceil("s")
+
+        with pytest.raises(OutOfBoundsDatetime, match=msg):
+            Timestamp.max.round("s")
+
+    @given(val=st.integers(iNaT + 1, lib.i8max))
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "method", [Timestamp.round, Timestamp.floor, Timestamp.ceil]
+    )
+    def test_round_sanity(self, val, method):
+        cls = Timestamp
+        err_cls = OutOfBoundsDatetime
+
+        val = np.int64(val)
+        ts = cls(val)
+
+        def checker(ts, nanos, unit):
+            # First check that we do raise in cases where we should
+            if nanos == 1:
+                pass
+            else:
+                div, mod = divmod(ts._value, nanos)
+                diff = int(nanos - mod)
+                lb = ts._value - mod
+                assert lb <= ts._value  # i.e. no overflows with python ints
+                ub = ts._value + diff
+                assert ub > ts._value  # i.e. no overflows with python ints
+
+                msg = "without overflow"
+                if mod == 0:
+                    # We should never be raising in this
+                    pass
+                elif method is cls.ceil:
+                    if ub > cls.max._value:
+                        with pytest.raises(err_cls, match=msg):
+                            method(ts, unit)
+                        return
+                elif method is cls.floor:
+                    if lb < cls.min._value:
+                        with pytest.raises(err_cls, match=msg):
+                            method(ts, unit)
+                        return
+                elif mod >= diff:
+                    if ub > cls.max._value:
+                        with pytest.raises(err_cls, match=msg):
+                            method(ts, unit)
+                        return
+                elif lb < cls.min._value:
+                    with pytest.raises(err_cls, match=msg):
+                        method(ts, unit)
+                    return
+
+            res = method(ts, unit)
+
+            td = res - ts
+            diff = abs(td._value)
+            assert diff < nanos
+            assert res._value % nanos == 0
+
+            if method is cls.round:
+                assert diff <= nanos / 2
+            elif method is cls.floor:
+                assert res <= ts
+            elif method is cls.ceil:
+                assert res >= ts
+
+        nanos = 1
+        checker(ts, nanos, "ns")
+
+        nanos = 1000
+        checker(ts, nanos, "us")
+
+        nanos = 1_000_000
+        checker(ts, nanos, "ms")
+
+        nanos = 1_000_000_000
+        checker(ts, nanos, "s")
+
+        nanos = 60 * 1_000_000_000
+        checker(ts, nanos, "min")
+
+        nanos = 60 * 60 * 1_000_000_000
+        checker(ts, nanos, "h")
+
+        nanos = 24 * 60 * 60 * 1_000_000_000
+        checker(ts, nanos, "D")
+
+    # --------------------------------------------------------------
+    # Timestamp.replace
+
+    def test_replace_out_of_pydatetime_bounds(self):
+        # GH#50348
+        ts = Timestamp("2016-01-01").as_unit("ns")
+
+        msg = "Out of bounds nanosecond timestamp: 99999-01-01 00:00:00"
+        with pytest.raises(OutOfBoundsDatetime, match=msg):
+            ts.replace(year=99_999)
+
+        ts = ts.as_unit("ms")
+        result = ts.replace(year=99_999)
+        assert result.year == 99_999
+        assert result._value == Timestamp(np.datetime64("99999-01-01", "ms"))._value
+
+    def test_replace_non_nano(self):
+        ts = Timestamp._from_value_and_reso(
+            91514880000000000, NpyDatetimeUnit.NPY_FR_us.value, None
+        )
+        assert ts.to_pydatetime() == datetime(4869, 12, 28)
+
+        result = ts.replace(year=4900)
+        assert result._creso == ts._creso
+        assert result.to_pydatetime() == datetime(4900, 12, 28)
+
+    def test_replace_naive(self):
+        # GH#14621, GH#7825
+        ts = Timestamp("2016-01-01 09:00:00")
+        result = ts.replace(hour=0)
+        expected = Timestamp("2016-01-01 00:00:00")
+        assert result == expected
+
+    def test_replace_aware(self, tz_aware_fixture):
+        tz = tz_aware_fixture
+        # GH#14621, GH#7825
+        # replacing datetime components with and w/o presence of a timezone
+        ts = Timestamp("2016-01-01 09:00:00", tz=tz)
+        result = ts.replace(hour=0)
+        expected = Timestamp("2016-01-01 00:00:00", tz=tz)
+        assert result == expected
+
+    def test_replace_preserves_nanos(self, tz_aware_fixture):
+        tz = tz_aware_fixture
+        # GH#14621, GH#7825
+        ts = Timestamp("2016-01-01 09:00:00.000000123", tz=tz)
+        result = ts.replace(hour=0)
+        expected = Timestamp("2016-01-01 00:00:00.000000123", tz=tz)
+        assert result == expected
+
+    def test_replace_multiple(self, tz_aware_fixture):
+        tz = tz_aware_fixture
+        # GH#14621, GH#7825
+        # replacing datetime components with and w/o presence of a timezone
+        # test all
+        ts = Timestamp("2016-01-01 09:00:00.000000123", tz=tz)
+        result = ts.replace(
+            year=2015,
+            month=2,
+            day=2,
+            hour=0,
+            minute=5,
+            second=5,
+            microsecond=5,
+            nanosecond=5,
+        )
+        expected = Timestamp("2015-02-02 00:05:05.000005005", tz=tz)
+        assert result == expected
+
+    def test_replace_invalid_kwarg(self, tz_aware_fixture):
+        tz = tz_aware_fixture
+        # GH#14621, GH#7825
+        ts = Timestamp("2016-01-01 09:00:00.000000123", tz=tz)
+        msg = r"replace\(\) got an unexpected keyword argument"
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+            ts.replace(foo=5)
+
+    def test_replace_integer_args(self, tz_aware_fixture):
+        tz = tz_aware_fixture
+        # GH#14621, GH#7825
+        ts = Timestamp("2016-01-01 09:00:00.000000123", tz=tz)
+        msg = "value must be an integer, received <class 'float'> for hour"
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+            ts.replace(hour=0.1)
+
+    def test_replace_tzinfo_equiv_tz_localize_none(self):
+        # GH#14621, GH#7825
+        # assert conversion to naive is the same as replacing tzinfo with None
+        ts = Timestamp("2013-11-03 01:59:59.999999-0400", tz="US/Eastern")
+        assert ts.tz_localize(None) == ts.replace(tzinfo=None)
+
+    @td.skip_if_windows
+    def test_replace_tzinfo(self):
+        # GH#15683
+        dt = datetime(2016, 3, 27, 1)
+        tzinfo = pytz.timezone("CET").localize(dt, is_dst=False).tzinfo
+
+        result_dt = dt.replace(tzinfo=tzinfo)
+        result_pd = Timestamp(dt).replace(tzinfo=tzinfo)
+
+        # datetime.timestamp() converts in the local timezone
+        with tm.set_timezone("UTC"):
+            assert result_dt.timestamp() == result_pd.timestamp()
+
+        assert result_dt == result_pd
+        assert result_dt == result_pd.to_pydatetime()
+
+        result_dt = dt.replace(tzinfo=tzinfo).replace(tzinfo=None)
+        result_pd = Timestamp(dt).replace(tzinfo=tzinfo).replace(tzinfo=None)
+
+        # datetime.timestamp() converts in the local timezone
+        with tm.set_timezone("UTC"):
+            assert result_dt.timestamp() == result_pd.timestamp()
+
+        assert result_dt == result_pd
+        assert result_dt == result_pd.to_pydatetime()
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "tz, normalize",
+        [
+            (pytz.timezone("US/Eastern"), lambda x: x.tzinfo.normalize(x)),
+            (gettz("US/Eastern"), lambda x: x),
+        ],
+    )
+    def test_replace_across_dst(self, tz, normalize):
+        # GH#18319 check that 1) timezone is correctly normalized and
+        # 2) that hour is not incorrectly changed by this normalization
+        ts_naive = Timestamp("2017-12-03 16:03:30")
+        ts_aware = conversion.localize_pydatetime(ts_naive, tz)
+
+        # Preliminary sanity-check
+        assert ts_aware == normalize(ts_aware)
+
+        # Replace across DST boundary
+        ts2 = ts_aware.replace(month=6)
+
+        # Check that `replace` preserves hour literal
+        assert (ts2.hour, ts2.minute) == (ts_aware.hour, ts_aware.minute)
+
+        # Check that post-replace object is appropriately normalized
+        ts2b = normalize(ts2)
+        assert ts2 == ts2b
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("unit", ["ns", "us", "ms", "s"])
+    def test_replace_dst_border(self, unit):
+        # Gh 7825
+        t = Timestamp("2013-11-3", tz="America/Chicago").as_unit(unit)
+        result = t.replace(hour=3)
+        expected = Timestamp("2013-11-3 03:00:00", tz="America/Chicago")
+        assert result == expected
+        assert result._creso == getattr(NpyDatetimeUnit, f"NPY_FR_{unit}").value
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("fold", [0, 1])
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("tz", ["dateutil/Europe/London", "Europe/London"])
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("unit", ["ns", "us", "ms", "s"])
+    def test_replace_dst_fold(self, fold, tz, unit):
+        # GH 25017
+        d = datetime(2019, 10, 27, 2, 30)
+        ts = Timestamp(d, tz=tz).as_unit(unit)
+        result = ts.replace(hour=1, fold=fold)
+        expected = Timestamp(datetime(2019, 10, 27, 1, 30)).tz_localize(
+            tz, ambiguous=not fold
+        )
+        assert result == expected
+        assert result._creso == getattr(NpyDatetimeUnit, f"NPY_FR_{unit}").value
+
+    # --------------------------------------------------------------
+    # Timestamp.normalize
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("arg", ["2013-11-30", "2013-11-30 12:00:00"])
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("unit", ["ns", "us", "ms", "s"])
+    def test_normalize(self, tz_naive_fixture, arg, unit):
+        tz = tz_naive_fixture
+        ts = Timestamp(arg, tz=tz).as_unit(unit)
+        result = ts.normalize()
+        expected = Timestamp("2013-11-30", tz=tz)
+        assert result == expected
+        assert result._creso == getattr(NpyDatetimeUnit, f"NPY_FR_{unit}").value
+
+    def test_normalize_pre_epoch_dates(self):
+        # GH: 36294
+        result = Timestamp("1969-01-01 09:00:00").normalize()
+        expected = Timestamp("1969-01-01 00:00:00")
+        assert result == expected
+
+    # --------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    @td.skip_if_windows
+    def test_timestamp(self, fixed_now_ts):
+        # GH#17329
+        # tz-naive --> treat it as if it were UTC for purposes of timestamp()
+        ts = fixed_now_ts
+        uts = ts.replace(tzinfo=utc)
+        assert ts.timestamp() == uts.timestamp()
+
+        tsc = Timestamp("2014-10-11 11:00:01.12345678", tz="US/Central")
+        utsc = tsc.tz_convert("UTC")
+
+        # utsc is a different representation of the same time
+        assert tsc.timestamp() == utsc.timestamp()
+
+        # datetime.timestamp() converts in the local timezone
+        with tm.set_timezone("UTC"):
+            # should agree with datetime.timestamp method
+            dt = ts.to_pydatetime()
+            assert dt.timestamp() == ts.timestamp()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("fold", [0, 1])
+def test_replace_preserves_fold(fold):
+    # GH 37610. Check that replace preserves Timestamp fold property
+    tz = gettz("Europe/Moscow")
+
+    ts = Timestamp(year=2009, month=10, day=25, hour=2, minute=30, fold=fold, tzinfo=tz)
+    ts_replaced = ts.replace(second=1)
+
+    assert ts_replaced.fold == fold